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18 Temmuz 1918
Mvezo, Güney Afrika
Ölüm 5 Aralık 2013 (95 yaşında)
Johannesburg, Güney Afrika
Born Rolihlahla Mandela
18 July 1918
Mvezo, Cape Province, Union of South Africa
Died 5 December 2013 (aged 95)
Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the village of Mvezo in Umtata, then part of South Africa's Cape Province.
İdeolojik olarak bir Afrika milliyetçisi ve sosyalisti olarak 1991-1997 yılları arasında Afrika Ulusal Kongresi (ANC) partisinin başkanlığını yaptı .
Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.
O, ülkenin ilk siyah devlet başkanıydı ve ilk önce tam temsilci demokratik bir seçimle seçilmişti.
He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.
İdeolojik olarak bir Afrika milliyetçisi ve sosyalisti
Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist
üniversite yıllarında ırkçılıkla mucadeleye başladımn
He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial .
Yineleyici faaliyetler için defalarca tutuklanmış ve 1956 İhanet Davasında kovuşturmaya devam edilmemiştir
Başlangıçta şiddet içermeyen protestoya kararlı olmasına rağmen SACP ile birlikte 1961'de milkitar Umkhonto biz Sizwe'yi kurdu ve hükümete karşı sabotaj kampanyası başlattı.
Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government.
1962'de devleti devirmek için komplo kurmaktan tutuklanmış ve Rivonia Davasında ömür boyu hapis cezasına çarptırılmıştır .
In 1962, he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial .
Yurtiçi ve yurtdışı baskının artması ve ırkçı bir iç savaş korkusu ile Başkan FW de Klerk 1990'da serbest bıraktı.
Amid growing domestic and international pressure, and with fears of a racial civil war, President FW de Klerk released him in 1990.
Mandela ve de Klerk, ırk ayrımcılığının sona ermesi konusunda müzakerelerde bulundu ve Mandela'nın ANC'yi yönettiği 1994 multiracional genel seçimlerinde zafer kazandı ve Başkan oldu.
Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President.
Mandela ülkenin ırksal gruplar arasında uzlaşma vurguladı
Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups
Ekonomik açıdan bakıldığında Mandela yönetimi, kendi sosyalist inançlarına rağmen öncülünün liberal çerçevesini korudu; ayrıca arazi reformunu teşvik etmek, yoksullukla mücadele etmek ve sağlık hizmetlerini genişletmek için önlemler getirdi.
Economically, Mandela's administration retained its predecessor's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs, also introducing measures to encourage land reform , combat poverty, and expand healthcare services.
İkinci cumhurbaşkanlığı dönemini reddetti
He declined a second presidential term
Mandela, yaşlı bir devlet adamı oldu ve hayırsever Nelson Mandela Vakfı aracılığıyla yoksulluk ve HIV / AIDS ile mücadele üzerinde yoğunlaştı .
Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation
AYRICA KEREM AMPÜLÜN TEKİDİR VE 2023 DE UZAYA ÇIKCAĞIMIZI SANA BİR ÇOMARRRRDIRRR
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