Notes

BIOLOGY WORKSHOP #4
- substrate level phosphorylation → glycolysis
- oxidative phosphorylation → ETC
- aerobic → creates a lot of energy
- anaerobic → less energy
- fermentation → renews electron carriers so you can go back to glycolysis
- soreness from muscle workout → lactic acid
- run out of oxygen first, then run out of glucose
- fermentation → NADH becomes oxidized, pyruvate becomes lactic acid (toxic to humans, waste) or ethanol (toxic to fungi, waste)
- ETC → series of proteins, use energy from high energy electrons to pump protons into intermembrane space
- 1 glucose → 2 pyruvate → 2 acetyl-coa + (2 CO2) → 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + (ATP)
- pyruvate moves via active transport into mitochondria matrix (anything entering mitochondria uses ATP such as electron carriers)
- pyruvate is decarboxylated 1 CO2, 1 acetyl-coa, and ____
- no oxygen → pyruvate is reduced to make NADH to NAD+ (fermentation)
- prokaryotes → no mitochondria → pyruvate and ETC occur along plasma membrane, Krebs occurs in cytosol
** memorize diagrams
- oxaloacetete (OAA) forever recycled through Krebs cycle
- regulation → feedback inhibition
glycolysis = PFK phosphofructokinase allosterically inhibited by ATP or citrate (Krebs intermediate)
pyruvate oxidation → pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibited by NADH, citrate synthetase inhibited by ATP
- ETC
I, III, IV = big, pump protons into intermembrane space
II = small, helps carry electrons
- FADH creates less ATP