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Basically splitting the initial signal into small "windows" -> and then applying the fourier transformation to each window and then just plotting the windows as a function of time.
Generally we take windows as a gaussian (bell curve) function. This means that we assign high weight to the middle part and low weight to the tapering part so there is a smoother change instead of the abrupt one where if we just took a box window.
This helps in retaining information about frequencies when the transformation is applied. Helps to prevent spectral leakage.
A possible factor in deciding the width of a window, would be the frequency of the wave you are trying to model (i.e. may need wider windows to model lower freq waves). But wider windows lower the temporal precision within the timeseries.
Steps:
Create windows along your original data
Apply the gaussian window and get the windowed version
Apply FFT and store the data.
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