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6
Networking
OSI model 7layers (peer -to - peer) / TCP 4 layers
pvt vs public ip (logical address)
ports eg:8080, 443
difference between OSI and tcp/ip layer
services eg:http,ftp
gateways->router
ipv4 - 32bits /ipv6-128 bits
A 1-126 255.0.0.0
eg:27.6.17.160
128.2(32).2(32).2(32) =16,777,214 (hosts)
126.255.255.255
1,2,3,4.....255
B
C
254+(1)=255(hosts) (+ 1+255)
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3
192.168.0.254(hosts)
192.168.1.1(host) Networks
192.168.2.1
192.169.0.1
mssql ,mysql (3308)
ports
purpose: to identify the different applications on single PC
2 types
physical ports eg:usb ports, ethernet port,hdmi ports etc
virtual ports
associated with ip address of the host as well as type of protocol used for communication
range : 1 to 65,535
3 types:
well known ports- 1 - 1023 assigned by IANA (443
Registered ports -> 1024-49151
dynamic cum private ports -> 49152- 65535
30-35 ports used for interview
imap4,pop3,nntp,,ntp,rtp,Sip,snmp,ssh,telnet,TLS/SSL,
eg:ascii,gif,jpeg.mpeg,tiff
netbios,rpc,sql,nfs
routers,ip(ipv4,ipv6),arp,icmp,rarp,igmp
switch, mac, nic, bridges
hub,cables,usb,ethernet,lan topologies,msau
---------------------------------------------
NIC -> 16 bits mac address
AC-72-89-95-4C-01
wholesaler distributor
------------------------------------------------------
traceroute
the path taken through the network to get the target machine
tracert or traceroute
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