Notes

..The Amazon River is a river of South America, which crosses Peru Colombia and Brazil It is the longest and largest river in the world and contains more water than the Nile, the Yangtze, and the Mississippi together, and accounts for about one-fifth of the liquid freshwater of the planet.1 The Amazon, which has the watershed largest in the world, about 7.05 million km², represents approximately one-fifth of the fluvial flow of the planet. In fact, the river has the largest river basin in the world, even counting only the region that crosses Brazil, which accounts for a fifth of its volume.2 3 Studies conducted by Brazilian and Peruvian researchers in 2007 and 2008 indicated that it was the river of greater length note 1. In 2010, it was finally confirmed that it was the longest river in the world, with a length of 7062 km since its birth in the Quebrada de Apacheta, Arequipa region, Peru. 6 In its upper reaches, on the confluence of the Negro River, the Amazon is called Solimões in Brazil; However, in Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, and the rest of the Spanish-speaking world, the river is generally called the Amazon downstream from the confluence of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers in Peru. The Ucayali-Apurímac fluvial system is considered the main source of the Amazon, with its main tributary is the Carhuasanta glacial stream that flows from the Nevado Mismi mountain.

The width of the Amazon is between 1.6 and 10 km in its low stage, but it expands (during the wet season) up to 48 km or more. The river enters the Atlantic Ocean in a large estuary with 240 km wide.7 The mouth of the main system is 80 km. Due to its vast dimensions, it is sometimes called the Rio Mar. The first bridge in the Amazon river system (on the Rio Negro) was inaugurated on October 24, 2011 near Manaus, Brazil.