Notes

Social Studies

Chapter 2 Section 4
-major reason Europeans came to North America was to spread Christianity
- didn't agree with things Catholic Church was doing
- because of Luther many people broke away from Catholicism to form own Christian Churches
- this became known as the Protestant Reformation
- King Henry VIII led England away from the Catholic Catholic and started the the Church of England a.k.a Anglican Church
- Dutch and English Protestants settlements were founded by Protestants who wanted to practice their beliefs in peace
- Another factor that pushed European countries across the Atlantic was the opportunity for health
Colony-territory controlled by people from a foreign land
- voyage of Christopher Columbus & others brought together 2 parts of globe that had no contact before
- during 15 & 1600's countries sent explorers to chart the coast of North America
Chart-to map
- North West passage-direct water route through America to Asia
- England used Cabot's voyage to make claims in North America
- Dutch sent Henry Hudson
- 1609 he discovered a river... Now the Hudson River
- 1610 England sent Henry and he discovered a huge. Now Hudson Bay
- French were only interested in making money from fishing and fur trading
- the Dutch set up a colony in present day New York and New Jersey
- called it New Amsterdam

The Spanish Armada
- huge trading rival and religious differences between Spain and England
- King Phillip II of Spain wanted a Catholic to rule England
- Sir Francis Drake had attacked Spanish ships and ports, Queen Elizabeth awarded him with Knighthood
- Spanish Armada was sent to conquer England
- the Armada was defeated, and Spain no longer controlled the areas
- In 1587 a group led by John White settled on Roanoke Island
- soon after arriving White's daughter gave birth
- Virginia Dare was the first English child born in North America
- John White headed back to England for supplies
- when he got back all he found was the word "Croaton" carved in a gate post
- White believed they headed south 50 miles to Croaton Island but bad weather kept him from searching
- Roanoke colonists were never seen again
- In 1606 several merchants sought charters
Charters- documents granting the rights to organize settlements
- the Virginia Co. was a joint-stock company
Joint-stock- a company in which investors buy stock in return for a share of future profits
- in April 1607 144 colonists on 3 ships headed up Chesapeake Bay
- When Smith left Jamestown left a good leader
- Winter 1609-10 were known as "starving time"
- the colonists finally found a way to get by
- growing tobacco
- this made money for their investors

Chapter 2 Section 3.2
- No! many people disagreed with Anglican ways
- 1 group of separatists made a deal with the Virginia Co. they could settle in VA and give VA Co. part of their profits
- 1620- Mayflower
- they landed north of their target in Plymouth
Mayflower Compact- provided law and order to a Plymouth Colony
- Pilgrim drew up the Mayflower Compact
- first winter 1/2 of the Pilgrim died malnutrition, disease and cold
- also helped the Pilgrims get along with other Native American tribes
- 1629 a group of Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Co.
- received a royal charter to est. a Colony north of Plymouth
- 1630 900 people went to Massachusetts Bay
- they called their settlement Boston
- 15,000`followed through 1630's became known as the Great Migration
- Puritans weren't tolerant of different beliefs
- their intolerance led people to form other colonies in neighboring areas
- Roger Williams believed government should not force people to worship a certain way
- Also believed it was wrong to take land from other Native Americans
- Eventually Williams received a charter and formed Rhode Island
- Rhode Island had a policy of religious toleration


Chapter 2 Section 3.3
Turmoil in England
- in England Puritans controlled parliament
- power struggle between parliament and Charles I
- Civil War began in England
- parliament led by Oliver Cromwell won
- King Charles I was beheaded
- Cromwell became England's protector
- when Cromwell died parliament restored a king, but with limited power
- Charles II reign is known as the #Restoration
- the major dutch settlement was New Amsterdam
- sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam
- Peter Stuyvesant was unprepared and surrendered
- King Charles II gave the Colony to his brother
- Duke of York gave southern part of his Colony away
- the colcony was named New Jersey
- NJ was a place of ethnic and religious diversity
- Penn was a Quaker and believed in followed your own
- 1682 Penn built PA
- "city of brotherly love"
- the charter of privileges allowed the lower countries to function as a separate colony under the governor of PA
- the separate colony known as Delaware


Chapter 2 Section 3.4
- plantations were a important part of development in the south
- plantations needed a large number of workers
- English criminals and prisoners of war
- African rulers sold their prisoners of war to European slave traders
- many people came as indentured servants
- large were given to elite Englishmen
- number of plantations popped up
- for years the Calvert and Penn family argued about boundary between their colonies
- Charles II created proprietary south south of VA called Carolina
- many of Locke's ideas would be used in the Declaration of Independence
- rice grew well in the Carolina's, rice required lots of labor
- there was a demand for slave labor
- Indigo a blue flowering plant was used to dye textiles
Georgia
- James Oglethorpe received charter and set up a colony where debtors and poor people could get a fresh start
- person or country that owes money
- 1663 king Louis XIV est. New France as a colony
- In New France estate holders received land for bring settlers
- European rivals carried over the Americas
-France and Britain were often fighting

Nathaniel Bacon apposed the colonial government because it was dominated by eastern's. In the text it says " he apposed the colonial government because it was dominated by easterner's.