Notes

platelets-> decrease just before menstruation
PT- increase in liver disease, alcohol, decrease when high fat
Na- increase in dehydration, CHF, liver failure, Cushing's disease, decrease in vomit, diarrhea, burns
Ammonia- increase in liver cirrhosis
creatinine- end product of protein metabolism (test kidney damage), excreted in kidneys
increased in athletes (high muscle mass), diuretics, kidney damage

kidney stones- made of mineral salts. formed from low urinary volume (dehydration), pH change, may cause hematuria when passes, retention, frequency, urgency, dysuria. risk factors: men, overweight, dehydrated, gout, diuretics, calcium antacids. most common: calcium stones. Uric acid stones- may be caused by diet high in purines (meat, fish, shellfish). Drink enough fluids, reduce sodium + animal protein. Meds: allopurinol, diuretics (HCTZ)
pancreatic enzymes-
Amylase high in pancreatitis, pancreas problems, impaired kidney function
lipase- made in pancreas, secreted in duodenum- turns into triglycerides and fats. high in pancreatitis
triglycerides- high in obesity, kidney disease, alcohol, high calorie intake, diabetes. To lower it, lose weight and decrease fats + sugars, exercise, quit smoking, limit alcohol
ALT, AST- high in statins, alcohol, hepatitis, fatty liver disease, obesity, Tylenol
Vitamin D- need for strong bones, prevent + treat DM, HTN, MS. found in fish, egg yolks (animal based sources). decreased levels lead to rickets, soft bones, skeletal deformities.
Decreased levels in vegans, low sunlight exposure, dark skin, obesity. <20 is inadequate. 600 IU Vitamin D supplement daily