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Martin Luther (1517)
Wrote a letter to the Archbishop of Mainz
In the letter he criticized church corruption and called for reforms
Luther’s views were were spread in printed pamphlets and soon sparked a religious revolt.
Many protesters left the Catholic Church
They formed new churches, called the Lutheran Church.
This became know as Lutheran Faith.
Problems in the Church
Catholic Church commanded unquestioned loyalty
But over time problems had arisen within the church.
Priest were living in wealth and luxury.
Members of the clergy had wives and children, despite their vows of celibacy.
Local Priests were often poorly educated.
The church also engaged in corrupt practices
Such as selling church positions
Such as sold pardons
Such as charging for services
Attention had been called to these problems in the past
Oxford professor John Wycliffe
Criticized the wealth and immorality of church officials.
And was burned at the stake for heresy.
Luther shared the concerns of other reformers
But did not mean to start a revolt.
Instead he hoped to prompt a debate within the church.
His real aim was to restore purity to the church.
Luther argued that believers did not need priests to show them the truth
He said that salvation came from faith alone, and that the Bible was the only source of religious truth.
A Protestant Revolution
In 1520 Luther was told to retract his ideas and statements
If not he would be…
Define the vocab term above
Luther and his followers went on to form the Lutheran Church
A new...
Lutheran ministers…
Many Germans…
At the time Germany was part of the Holy Roman Empire
Princes defied the emperor and sided with Luther
They were known as….
Other Protestant groups were continuing to arise in Europe
New Denominations were created
Denominations
The Spread of the Protestant Religion provoked conflicts across Europe
The Catholic Response
To meet the challenges of the Reformation
By the 1600s the Reformation had changed the face of Europe
The continent was no longer
Although Europe remained highly religious...
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