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GERUNDS (V + Ving) && INFINITIVES (V + TO + V1)

1. BİLİNMESİ GEREKEN KELİMELER

I. Gerunds (V+Ving)

===>like , love , hate , enjoy , can’t stand , couldn’t stand , can’t help , look forward to , get used to..

Ex1==>I can’t stand your coming.
Tr1==>Ben senin geç gelmene katlanamıyorum.

Ex2==>I can’t help laughing.
Tr2==>Kendimi gülmekten alamıyorum.

Ex3==>I’m looking forward to seeing you.
Tr3==>Seni görmeyi dört gözle bekliyorum.

II. Infinitives (V + to +V1)

===>want , decide , manage , refuse , promise

Ex1==>My friends want to go abroad
Tr1==>Arkadaşlarım yurt dışına gitmek istiyor.

Tr2==>He refused to go to the concert.
Tr2==>O, konsere gitmeyi reddetti.

Ex3==>I managed to solve this problem at last.
Tr3==>Sonunda bu problemi çözmeyi başardım.

III. Plan Infinitive (V + somebody +V1)

=>let + sb + V1
=>make + sb + V1
=>Used to +V1

Ex1==>My students made me laugh.
Tr1==>Öğrencilerim beni güldürdü.

Ex2==>I used to play guitar when I was eight.
Tr2==>Sekiz yaşındayken gitar çalardım.

Tr3==>My teacher let me go out.
Tr3==>Öğretmenim dışarı çıkmama izin verdi.

NOT: “get used to” ile “used to” yu karıştırlmamalıdır. “get used to” “Ving” alır. “used to” ise “V1” alır.

Ex1==>I got used to getting up early.
Tr1==>Ben erken kalkmaya alıştım.

2. PASSIVE VOICE (be V3) && INFINITIVE (to +V1)

===>Eşit zamanlarda “to + V1” kullanılır. Farklı zamanlarda “to have V3” kullanılır.
===>Equels tenses ise “to + V1”
===>Different tenses ise “to have V3”
===> “Psv” passive voice ve infinitive ile kullanılan cümleyi gösterir.

Ex1===>He is a liar.
Psv1==>He is said to be a liar. (eşit zaman)
Tr1===>Onun bir yalancı olduğu söylenir.

Ex2===>They work very hard these days.
Psv2==>They are said to work very hard these day. (eşit zaman)
Tr2===>Bu günlerde çok sıkı çalıştıkları söylenir.

Ex3==>She wrote a letter to me last week.
Psv1=>She is said to have written a letter to me last week. (farklı zaman)
Psv2=>She was said to write a letter to me last week. (eşit zaman)

AÇIKLAMA !!!

=>(passive voice) Simple tense equel ise “to V1”
=>(passive voice) Simple tense different “to have V3”
=>(passive voice) Continuous tense equel ise “to be Ving”
=>(passive voice) Continuous tense different ise “to have been Ving”
=>(passive voice) Perfect tense equel ise “to have V3”
=> (passive voice) Perfect tense different ise “to have V3”

Perfect tense için örnek !!!!

Ex1===>I have waited for you 4 hours.
Psv1==>I am said to have waited for you 4 hours.
Psv1==>I was said to have waited for you 4 hours.


3. GERUNDS

====>There is no point (bir anlamı yok) “Ving”
Ex1=>There is no point in reading this book.
Tr1=>Bu kitabı okumanın bir anlamı yok.

====>It is no use (bir yararı yok) “Ving”
Ex2=>It is no use watching this play.
Tr2=>Bu tiyatro oyunu seyretmenin bi yararı yok.

====>It is no good (bir yararı yok) “Ving”
Ex3=>It is no good calling me anymore.
Tr3=>Artık beni aramanın bir yararı yok.

====>It is the worth (yapmaya değer) “Ving”
Ex4=>It is worth reading this book.
Tr4=>bu kitap okumaya değer.

====>without (yapmaksızın) “Ving”
Ex5=>I can’t go there without seeing you.
Tr5=>Seni görmeden oraya gidemem.

4. GERUND AND INFINITIVE (KARIŞIK KULLANIM)

AÇIKLAMA !!!

=>verbs can take either “Ving” or “to V1”

====>remember a planned activity (remember + to V1)
Ex1=> I remembered to post the letter suddenly.
=>planlanmış bir aktivite

====>Remember a past memory (remember + Ving)
Ex2=>I remember swimming in the park.
=>Geçmişte bir anı

====> mean (anlamına gelmek) “Ving”
Ex3=>Being a YDS students means having responsibilities.
Tr3=>YDS öğrencisi olmak sorumluluklara sahip olma anlamına gelir.

====>mean (kastetmek) “to V1”
Ex4=>I don’t mean to hurt you.
Tr4=>Seni incitmeyi kastetmedim.

====>Regret (I’m sory) “to V1”
Ex5=>I regret to say that your friend is ill.

====>Regret (past memory) “Ving”
Ex6=>I regret calling him last year.

====> Try (çaba göstermek) “to V1”
Ex7=>I tried to open the door, but I couldn’t.

====>Try (denemek) “Ving”
Ex8=>I tried opening the door and I managed.

====>Stop (durmak) “to V1”
Ex9=>I stop to smoke.

====>Stop (give up/vazgeçmek) “Ving”
Ex10=>I stopped smoking.

ÖZETLERSEK

=>There is no point in (bir anlamı yok) “Ving”
=>It is no use/good (bir yararı yok) “Ving”
=>It is worth (yapmaya değer) “Ving”
=>It is not worth (yapmaya değmez) “Ving”
=>Without (meksizin,maksızın) “Ving”
=>Remember+Ving(bir şey yapmayı hatırlamak/past memory)
=>Remember+to V1 (planned activity)
=>forget+Ving (past memory)
=>forget+to V1(planned activity)
=>regret+to V1 (I’m sorry)
=>regret+Ving (past memory)
=>mean+Ving (anlamına gelmek)
=>mean+to V1 (kastetmek)
=>stop+to V1 (durmak)
=>stop+Ving (give up/vazgeçmek)
=>try+to V1 (çaba göstermek)
=>try+Ving (denemek)

5. PARTICIPLES (Reduction of Relative Clause/RRC) “Ving” kullanımı

RCL==>He is the person who lives in Erzurum
RRC==>She is the person living in Erzurum (Ving)

RCL==> They are the students who have just met me.
RRC==> They are the students having just met me.

RCL==>These are the people who have been invited to the meeting.
RRC==> These are the people having been invited to the meeting.


6. KARIŞIK

=>get accustomed to (Ving)
=>get used to (Ving)
=>be used to (Ving)
=>be accustomed to (Ving)
=>look forward to (Ving)
=>be opposed to (Ving)
=>have an object to (Ving)
=>in addition to (Ving)

NOT: “Ving” özne yerine gelebilir.

Ex1==>Reading and listening are two key elements of learning a language.

NOT: Eğer sonraki fiil öncekinden önce olursa “Ving” alır.

NOT: preposition dan sonra “Ving” gelir.

NOT: “have time/fun/rest/trouble/difficulty(in)” den sonra “Ving” gelir.

NOT: Sıfatlardan sonra “to V1” gelir. Fakat “busy” den sonra “Ving” gelir.

NOT: WH?/How dan sonra “to V1”gelir.

NOT: “The first/second noun” dan sonra “to V1”

NOT: “something/nobady/anything” den sonra “to V1” kullanılır.

NOT:Passive kısımdan sonra “to V1” gelir.
=>He is believed to have been killed by the thief.

NOT: “for + noun” dan sonra “to V1” gelir.


     
 
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