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Kelp forest= important ecological & economical benefits:
-provide essential habitats for a variety of species
-inhibit shore erosion
-reduce the impact of storm waves on coastlines
Population Dynamics
-Size, Density, Dispersion, Age Distribution
Changes occur as a result of:
-environmental stress
-changes in environmental conditions
Variables that limit population growth:
Births, Deaths, immigration, & emigration
B&I= increase in pop.
D&E= decrease in pop.
Biotic Potential: population variations in capacity for growth
Intrinsic rate of increase: rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources
High:
-reproduce early in life
-have short generation time
-can produce many times
-have many offspring each time they reproduce
Environmental resistance: all the factored acting jointly to limit the growth of a population
Biotic Potential & environmental resistance determine carrying capacity
Carrying Capacity: the # of individuals of a given species that can be sustained indefinitely in a given space (area or volume)
Minimum Viable Population (MVP): certain minimum population
When populations decline below MVP:
-struggle to locate mates
-interbreeding
-decrease in adaptation abilities due to low genetic diversity
Carrying Capacity Variables:
-competition
-immigration & emigration
-catastrophic events
-seasonal fluctuations in food, water, hiding places, and nesting sites
Density independent population controls:
-floods
-fires
-hurricanes
-unseasonable weather
-habitat destruction
-pesticide spraying
Density dependent population controls:
-competition for resources
-predation
-parasitism
-disease
Population fluctuations:
-stable
-irruptive
-irregular
-cyclic
Reproduction
-asexual
-sexual
r-selected/opportunists- high intrinsic rate
k-selected/competitor- low intrinsic rate
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