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Definition: When a subject is acted upon by a person (a human being not an inanimate object or non-human thing), this is expressed in Latin in the ablative case preceded by the preposition ab, "by." PASSIVE VERBS are often accompanied by an ablative of (personal) agent.
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Latin Passive Personal Endings
Singular Plural
1st Person r = I mur = we
2nd Person ris = you mini = you
3rd Person tur = he, she, it ntur = they
# Person Present Imperfect Future
S. 1st | am... -ed | used to be... -ed, was... -ed | will be... -ed
2nd | are... -ed |
3rd | is... -ed |
p. 1st | are... -ed |
2nd | also are
3rd | also are
Note in the example below that Luke becomes the agent and is put in the ablative case with the preposition a or ab, meaning "by."
Example: Mark is wounded by Luke.
Marcus a Lucio vulneratur.
The ablative of agent (think 3 p's):
Needs a Passive verb.
Needs the Preposition AB (or A) which is translated as "by" in this construction.
Needs a Person.
Don't confuse this with the ablative of means. John wrote the letter by means of pen and ink.
The ablative of means is a thing.
The ablative of agent (by its very name!) is a person.
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