Notes

-industry growth due to 1)nat. resources2)gov.support 3)urbanizationDrake’59-steam engine oil.Bessemer-steel process(remove carbon from iron).Edison-lightbulb in 1876.by1890 electricity powerd homes. Sholes=typewriter.opened jobs for women.GrahamBell-‘876=telephone.---unchecked power of railroad co. led to widespread abuse & reform. transcontinental rr-utah-goldenspike. immigrants from china&ireland provided difficult labor-injuries.b4 1883 no standard time reference.Dowd creates 24hr timezones for rr’s.spread of rr’s led to growth of towns, new markets,& opportunity. stockholder’s of union pacific railroad form construction company in ’64.used credit mobilier to make $. farmers affected. Grangers(farmers) protested land deals, price fixing&chargin dif.rates to dif.people. Granger Laws passed protecting farmers.states given regulation control of rr’s by congress. 1887-gov.reestablishes control over rr(InterstateCommerceAct). ---carnegie=steel.vertical integration-bought out suppliers to control materials and transpo.horizontal integration-buying companies that have similar products. Pullman built factory for manufacturing sleepers&rr cars &a town for employees(un-American).strike1894. Mergers could result in a trust. monopoly is complete control over an industry. Rockefeller=oil. SocialDarwinism-some individuals in a species flourish&pass their traits on while others don’t(Spencer).riches sign of god’s favor. Robber Barons=fault finding tycoon. Philanthropy-rich ppl give money.(libraries,skools). ShermanAnti-TrustAct=illegal to form a monopoly(trust).workers had bad conditions. NationalLaborUnion1866-worked for better conditions.Gompers pres. of AFL(collectivebargaining&wages). Debs American RR union. IWW(wobblies)-socialist union.(strike of 1877)(chicago hay market square shot fired) scabs-workedforstrikers. Mary Jones-Mother Jones(united mine workers). employers forbade union meetings.”yellow dog contracts”. AFL had 2M members by 1914.