Notes

Federalist Party rapidly lost political influence after the War of 1812, and was gone by the election of 1820.
What happened to the Federalist Party after the War of 1812?


resulted from the absence of a national bank: state chartered and private banks expanded their lending with bank notes that were used as money. Prices rose rapidly during the War of 1812. The government paid high interest on money it borrowed to pay for the war.
Why did Republicans change their minds about a national bank?


tariff protected American manufacturers by taxing imports to drive up their prices.
How did the protective tariff help American manufacturers?


In the Court's opinion, the Constitution gave the federal govern- ment the power to collect taxes, to borrow money, to regulate commerce, and to raise armies and navies. The creation of a national bank was constitutional because it helped carry out these powers.
What powers were granted to the federal government in McCulloch v. Maryland?


Occupied with problems throughout its Latin American empire, Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819.
How did Florida become part of the United States in 1819?


Congress funded the National Road in
1806; the invention of the steamboat allowed upstream travel; trains helped settle the West and expand trade.
What advances in transportation were made in the early 1800s?


Businesses began large-scale manufacturing using complex machines and organized workforces in factories. Manufacturers sold their wares nationwide or abroad instead of just locally.
How did business change during the Industrial Revolution?


Factories could produce lumber, shoes, leather, wagons, and other products.
How did Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts improve production methods?


a preference for native born people and a desire to limit immigration
What was nativism?


Factory workers worked long days for little pay; they began labor unions to gain higher wages and shorter workdays.
Why did workers begin to organize labor unions?


tobacco, rice, sugarcane, and cotton
What were the South's leading cash crops?


In the South, state slave codes forbade
enslaved men and women from owning property, leaving a slaveholder's premises without permission, testifying in court against a white person or learning to read and write.
In the North, Slavery had been outlawed. Free African Americans could organize their own churches and voluntary associations and earn money from the jobs they held.
How did life for African Americans in the South compare to life for African Americans in the North?