Notes

Questions from Today:
- In heart failure do you lie the patient down, sit them up or have them lie on their left/right side?
- J waves present on an ECG indicate ...?
- Kartagener syndrome can cause which one of the following; asthma/COPD/emphysema/bronchiectasis/cystic fibrosis?
- Man with previous abdominal surgery presents a year later with frequent diarrhoea, abdominal pain and pernicious anaemia. What does he have?
- First line diagnostic tool for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?
- If liver transplant not indicated, what should be given for PBC?
- Diagnostic Ix for Achalasia?
- "Well circumscribed pulmonary nodules" and "tree in bud appearance" indicative of ...?
- The Q-T interval on an ECG gives a rough indication of ...?
- Which two drug types increase survival in patients with congestive heart failure?
- Gallstones; Crohn's or UC?
- Rheumatic Fever is the most common cause of what cardiac valve defect?
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are also known as ...?
- What bacteria typically causes Subacute endocarditis?
- What bacteria typically causes acute endocarditis?
- What bacteria is commonly left in the mouth following dental surgery?
- Treatment for sub-acute endocarditis?
- Treatment for acute endocarditis?
- Treatment for endocarditis in patient with prosthetic valve?
- Name the two types of hernias found in the groin
- Are men or women more likely to get inguinal hernias? Why?
- What is the difference between a direct inguinal hernia and an indirect inguinal hernia?
- How would you find out whether a patient had a direct or indirect inguinal hernia?
- Sudden onset epigastric pain radiating to back + "thrashing" = ???
- Describe intermittent claudication
- Intermittent claudication is ... of an artery supplying the muscles in e.g. the lower leg, thus can be indicative of ... elsewhere in the body?
- How is pain caused by intermittent claudication relieved?
- How do you diagnose intermittent claudication?
- What is Virchow's triad assessing patient risk of?
- What are the three parts of Virchow's triad?
- Orthopnoea is indicative of ...?
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea is indicative of ... and ...?
- What are the two investigations for SIBO?
- What is a stroke?
- What are the two most common causes of stroke?
- Of these two, which is most common by far?
- What is a TIA?
- Atheroembolism vs Cardioembolism?
- How would you go about diagnosing whether a stroke was haemorrhagic or ischaemic?
- Treatment of Ischaemic stroke?
- Why is a statin prescribed in someone who has had a stroke?
- Why give Digoxin and Warfarin in Atrial FIbrillation? What are their functions?
- ABCDE of Pulmonary Oedema symptoms?
- Riased JVP --> ???
- How would you diagnose a PE from an ECG?
- Malar flush is indicative of which cardiac valve condition?
- A displaced apex is indicative of which cardiac valve condition?
- Tall, tented T waves on ECG -->
- What is Dressler's syndrome?
- Blurred, yellowing vision + headache --> ???
- Janeway lesions and Osler's nodes are indicative of ...?
- Continuous systolic "machine like" murmur that obscures 2nd heart sound is indicative of ...?
- Rib notching on CXR?
- Slow rising pulse = which valvular defect?
- Collapsing pulse = which valvular defect?
- Diminished or absent lower limb pulses --> ???
- Radial-femoral delay -->