Notes

inner core - outer core - mantle - crust
The crust is moved around via the convection currents in the mantle. These convection currents determine where the plates move. CCs are the circular currents of heat in the mantle.
Destructive/convergent Margin: continental and oceanic plates move towards each other. the denser oceanic plate is sub ducted beneath the continental plate. The oceanic plate being moved down creates horrific earthquakes.
Destructive/convergent Margin: Two plates, which are usually oceanic plates, move away from each other. New crust is formed as a result of the plates moving apart which causes parallel ridges either side of the margin.
Conservative Margin: is where two plates are moving past each other. Stresses and strains build up along the margin or close to it along the fault line. The fault line is an area where there is a weakness in the crust, earthquakes are common.
Collision Zones: This is where two continental plates move together and neither of them subduct. None of them move under each other and so they have to move up, creating mountains. They are called fold mountains. The alps are an example of fold mountains.
Volcanoes: the types of lava will influence the shape and nature of a volcano. Shield volcano - lava is very acidic, non viscous, flows, not very explosive, lava travels very far before cooling and solidifying. shield volcanoes are wide at the bottom and thin at the top. Composite volcanoes - more acidic lava, more viscous, explosive, often has pyroclastic flows, lava travels slowly and the lava cools quickly before it can get very far. They have a narrow base, steep slopes and the eruptions are not frequent but are often violent.
Acid Cone volcano - extremely acidic lava, full of gases, very explosive, violent eruptions, lava propelled out with force, lava moves slowly, it cools close to the vent and pyroclastics are usually there.
Caldera volcano - The main body of the eruption blasts away from the top of the volcano, a new cone may form after the eruption and water may collect up in the depression remaining.
Hot spots appear over weak points in the crust or where there is a burn through caused by magma. the hot sports stay in the same place all of the time but the plate above it moves along. As the plates move, the volcano gets smaller and will eventually become extinct. The volcanoes that move away from the hotspot become more and more erupted and so the will get smaller and smaller.
Super Volcanoes: Rising magma cannot escape and so a large bulge appears on the surface. Cracks appear in the surface and gas and ash erupt from the magma chamber. The magma chamber collapses forming a depression called a caldera.