Notes

Genetically modified crops offer greater benefits than herbicides

In the wild, plants can be treated with herbicides.

https://www.ikeda-green.com/item/gaichu-33/ : Xiao Yang
One of the most common methods employed to make crops resistant to herbicides has been shown to offer advantages over weedy forms of rice. This suggests that these changes could affect the environment beyond farms.

A variety of crops are modified genetically to resist glyphosate, an herbicide first advertised under the trade name Roundup. This resistance allows farmers to remove the majority of weeds from their fields without causing harm to their crops.

Glyphosate prevents plant growth by inhibiting EPSP synthase (an enzyme that is involved in the production of specific amino acids and various other molecules). This enzyme could be as large as 35 percent or more of the plant's total mass. The genetic modification method employed for Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri) is the process of inserting genes into a crop to increase EPSP-synthase output. The genes typically come from bacteria that cause disease in plants.

The plant is able to resist the effects of glyphosate because of the addition of EPSP synthase. Biotechnology labs also have tried to make EPSP-synthase more plant-based than bacteria, using genes derived taken from plants. This was made to make use of an inconsistency found in US law which allows regulatory approval for organisms that aren't derived from bacteria.

Few studies have tested whether transgenes such as those that confer glyphosate resistance are able to -- once they become wild or weedy relatives by cross-pollination, make plants more competitive for survival and reproduction. Norman Ellstrand of University of California Riverside states, "The conventional expectation is that any type of transgene that is found in nature will confer disadvantage if there's no selection pressure , because the additional machinery may lower the health."

https://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/kaientai/category/sunfulon/ , an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has changed the way that he views this. He found that glyphosate resistance provides an impressive fitness boost to the weedy variant of the standard rice plant Oryza sativa.

Lu and his coworkers genetically modified the rice species to express its EPSP synthase, and then crossed it with a weedy parent.

The group then permitted the offspring from cross-breeding to cross-breed to produce second-generation hybrids. They were identical genetically except for the amount of EPSP synthase genes they carried. As ラウンドアップ 英語 would expect, more copies resulted in higher levels of enzyme as well as more tryptophan than their counterparts that were not modified.

Researchers also found that transgenic plants had higher rates for photosynthesis as well as produced more flowers and produced 48-125percent less seeds per plant than non-transgenic hybrids. This was despite the fact that glyphosate wasn't present.

Lu claims that making weedy grains more competitive can cause more problems to farmers all over the world whose crops are infected by the insect.

Brian Ford-Lloyd of the University of Birmingham, UK, says "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice varieties the genetic diversity of their species is crucial for conserving, could be threatened because it would beat out the conventional varieties." "This is an example of the very real negative impacts of GM plants] on our environment."

The public belief that genetically-modified crops with additional copies their genes are more secure is disproved by this research. Lu states that "our study does not prove this to be the case."

Some researchers believe this finding calls for a review of future regulation of crops that have been genetically modified. ラウンドアップ claims that some people believe that biosafety regulations could be relaxed given the past more than two years of genetic engineering. "But ラウンドアップ shows that novel products require careful evaluation."


Here's my website: https://www.matsukiyo.co.jp/store/online/p/4957919634979