Notes

Genetically modified plants are more beneficial than the weeds

Plants in the wild could be given resistance to herbicides.

Weedy rice may take on transgenes from genetically modified crop rice through cross-pollination. ラウンドアップ : Xiao Yang
One common genetic-modification method that makes crops resistant to herbicides was shown to be superior over weedy forms of rice. ラウンドアップ suggests that this genetic modification could also have potential to affect wild animals.

http://www.nogyoya.com/fs/nogyoya/5602643 of crops have been modified genetically to make them resistant to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. This glyphosate-resistant crop allows farmers to eradicate the majority of herbicides in their fields without causing damage to their crop.

ラウンドアップ inhibits plant growth by blocking an enzyme referred to as EPSP synthase. It is responsible for the production of specific amino acids as well as other molecules that account for about 35% of a plant's mass. The genetic-modification technique -- utilized, for instance in the Roundup Ready crops made by the biotechnology giant Monsanto, based in St Louis, Missouri -- typically involves inserting genes into the crop's genome to increase EPSP-synthase's production. The genes typically come from bacteria that cause disease in plants.

The addition of EPSP synase allows for plants to counter the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs also have tried to utilize genes from plants instead of bacteria to increase EPSP-synthase levels partly to make use of an inconsistency within US law that allows regulatory approval of organisms carrying transgenes that aren't that are derived from bacteria.

A few studies have looked into the possibility that transgenes like those that confer resistance to glyphosate can -- once they become wild or weedy relatives via cross-pollination -make plants more competitive in survival and reproduction. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. "The hypothesis is that any kind of transgene will cause disadvantage in the wild, in absence of selective pressure due to the fact that it reduces the fitness of the plant," Ellstrand said.

Lu Baorong (an ecologist at Fudan University, Shanghai) has now challenged that view. It has shown that resistance to glyphosate can provide a significant fitness boost to a weedy rice crop, called Oryza Sativa even when it is not being used.

Their study was published in 1. Lu and his colleagues genetically modified cultivated rice to increase its EPSP synthase activity and crossed it with a weedy relative.

The researchers then allowed the breeding offspring from the cross to mix with one another, creating second-generation hybrids genetically identical with the exception of the number of copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase. As was expected, https://www.kohnan-eshop.com/shop/g/g4957919634894/ who had more copies had more enzyme activity and more amino acid tryptophan when compared to their counterparts that were not modified.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids grew between 48-125percent more seeds per plant. ララウンドアップ 希釈倍率 had higher photosynthesis rates and produced more shoots than the non-transgenic varieties.

Making weedy rice more competitive could cause more problems for farmers around the world where plots are ravaged by pests, Lu says.

ラウンドアップ -Lloyd, a UK plant geneticist and says, "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced into wild rice species their genetic diversity will be endangered, which is significant because the genotype with transgene is superior to the natural species." This is one of the clearest examples of extremely plausible harmful effects [of GM crop on the environment."

There is a popular belief that genetically engineered crops that have more copies or microorganisms' genes are less risky than those with only the genes of their owners. Lu says that "our study doesn't prove that this is true."

Researchers have said that this discovery requires reconsideration of the regulation for genetically modified crops. "Some people are now suggesting that biosafety regulation can be relaxed since we've achieved a high level of comfort with two years of genetic engineering" Ellstrand says. "But the research shows that new products require an unbiased evaluation."


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