Notes

How did Roundup Ready & Roundup come to be?
First, what is Roundup Ready? Roundup Ready is a trademark name used to describe a patent-pending line of genetically modified seeds which are insensitive to the glyphosate-based herbicide, Roundup. These are the crops that are known as Roundup Ready.

Who came up with Roundup?
John Franz, Monsanto chemical chemist and first to discover the active ingredient in Roundup was glyphosate in the year 1970, was the first person to define it as a herbicide. Most herbicides at the period were preemergent. These were applied before the weeds and crops developed. Glyphosate's ability to control large numbers of grass weeds and broadleafs was totally different. Its extraordinary environmental properties (soil inactivation, rapid degradation, etc.).) and toxicological properties (extremely low levels of toxicity to mammals and other beneficial organisms) created it to be a groundbreaking product.

In what year was Roundup first introduced?
Roundup(r) that was initially introduced on the market as a broad-spectrum herbicide in the year 1974, quickly became one the most popular agricultural chemicals worldwide. It was initially employed in ditches, along railroad tracks and sprayed on fields between growing seasons. This helped farmers manage the grass and broadleaf wild weeds from the soil. It also decreased the need to till and maintained the soil's structure.

Then came Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists recognized the potential benefits that Roundup(r) which is a recombinant DNA product could be for farmers following the breakthroughs made in the 1970s. https://search.kakaku.com/%8F%9C%91%90%8D%DC%20%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h/ was tackled by a small group of scientists, including Dr. Ernie Jaworski and Steve Rogers. This team had already developed the first systems that could introduce genes into plants in the early 1980s. We then began to focus on creating virus–resistant and insect-resistant Roundup-tolerant cropping varieties.

It was established that Roundup glyphosate hindered plants' capacity to make aromatic amino acids. Roundup's high level of mammalian safety is because of this. Glyphosate was also quickly processed in soil by microorganisms. By the mid-1980s our scientists had discovered both plant and microbial genes which conferred higher tolerance to herbicides in laboratory tests and in 1987 the USDA approved the first field test of Roundup Ready plants. This was a Roundup-resistant tomato crop derived from genetically modified tomato plants. They were also tolerant to Roundup. A few decades later the Roundup Ready gene which would be the main trait of the Roundup Ready crop was discovered. The gene was identified and then introduced into crop.

Let's begin with soybeans. ラウンドアップ to the questions "What are Roundup-Ready soybeans?" and "How are Roundup-Ready soybeans produced?" will help us to understand the process of making soybeans. ラウンドアップ are soybeans genetically engineered that have had their DNA modified so that they are able to resist the herbicide glyphosate that is the main ingredient in the herbicide Roundup. The soybean is resistant to Roundup because each seed has the gene that is afflicted with Roundup prior to planting. This allows farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides that destroy weeds but not the crops.

ラウンドアップ , which were first introduced in 1996, changed agricultural research and agriculture. Roundup resistance was immediately acknowledged by farmers and the adoption of Roundup Ready was swift. Today, over 90 percent of U.S. soybeans are grown using a biotech gene for herbicide tolerance. ラウンドアップ are simpler and improved weed control systems and have resulted in better yields for crops. Apart from cutting down on tillage and equipment expenses, Roundup Ready crops also make harvesting easier because there are less weeds. The increase in the use of conservation tillage is an environmental benefit that is significant. Through the reduction of plowing, farmers can reduce energy consumption and GHG emission while keeping soil structure intact and reducing erosion. In 2013 this was equivalent to the removal of 28 billion kilos of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This is equal to removing 12.4 million vehicles off the road for a single year (Source: PG Economics).
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