Notes

Genetically modified crops have more advantages than weeds

In nature, resistance to herbicides may confer advantages on plants.

Credit: Xiao Yang
The use of genetic modification of crops to make them resistant to herbicides is widely employed to create advantages for species of rice that are weedy. This indicates that the modifications could affect the environment beyond farm.

A range of crops has been genetically modified so that they are immune to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. This resistance to glyphosate enables farmers to get rid of herbicides, without causing damage to their crop.

https://flights-ag.com/blog/herbicide/84/ which is responsible for the creation of certain amino acid and other molecules. ラウンドアップ can also inhibit plant growth. The method of genetic modification, which is employed in Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri) is the process of inserting genes into a crop to increase EPSP synthase's output. ラウンドアップ come from bacteria that infect plants.

The additional EPSP synase makes it possible for plants to counter the harmful effects of glyphosate. ラウンドアップ have also attempted to use plants' genes to increase EPSP-synthase, partly to make use of an American loophole that allows for regulatory approval of transgenes not derived bacterial pests.

There aren't many studies that have examined the possibility that transgenes, such as glyphosate-resistant ones could -- after introduction to wild or weedy plants through cross-pollination increase the competitiveness of these plants in reproduction, survival and growth. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist claims that, without selection pressure, any type of transgene could be expected to confer disadvantage in wild plants. The added machinery will reduce fitness.

Lu Baorong (an ecologist at Fudan University, Shanghai) has now challenged that view. It has proven that resistance to glyphosate can provide a significant fitness boost to a weedy rice crop called Oryza Sativa even when it is not in use.

Lu and his coworkers genetically modified the cultivated Rice species to express the EPSP synthase. They then crossed-bred it to the plant that was weedy.

The researchers then allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to be bred together to produce second-generation hybrids. They were genetically identical with the exception of the copy count and number of EPSP synthase gene. The ones who had more copies expressed higher amounts of the enzyme and also produced more amino acids tryptophan than their non-modified counterparts.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids are more photogenic, produced more plants per plant and yielded 48-125 percent higher yields of seeds than non-transgenic varieties.

Lu believes that making weedy invading rice more competitive might make it more difficult for farmers to recover from the harm caused by this insect.

https://www.komeri.com/disp/CKmSfGoodsPageMain_001.jsp?GOODS_NO=1713321 -Lloyd is an UK plant geneticist. He states, "If the EPSP synthase gene becomes present in wild rice varieties their genetic diversity could be at risk, which is significant because the genotype with transgene has a higher level of competition than the standard species." This is among the most clear examples of plausible harmful effects [of GM crop on the environment."

The study also challenges the popular notion that genetically modified plants with extra copies of their own genes are more secure than those that contain genes from microorganisms. Lu says that Lu's study does not support this notion.

Researchers believe this discovery calls for a rethinking the future regulation on the use of genetically modified plants. Ellstrand saysthat "Some people believe that regulation of biosafety should be eased." Ellstrand addsthat "But the study demonstrates that novel products still need an unbiased evaluation."


Here's my website: https://www.nissanchem.co.jp/news_release/news/n2020_01_23.pdf