Notes

Genetically modified plants are more beneficial than herbicides

ラウンドアップ might be resistant to herbicides.

Credit to Xiao Yang
A common technique for genetic modification of crops that make them herbicide-resistant has been found to give advantages to the weedy varieties of rice even when herbicide is not present. This suggests that the modifications could affect the natural environment beyond farms.

ラウンドアップ of crops has been genetically modified so that they become immune to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. The resistance to glyphosate permits farmers to get rid of plants without doing any harm to their crops.

Glyphosate acts as an inhibitor of the growth of plants. It blocks an enzyme known EPSP synthase. This enzyme is involved in the production certain amino acids as well as other molecule. These compounds could be responsible for as much as 35% of the plant's mass. Genetic modification -- utilized, for instance, in Roundup Ready crops made by the biotech giant Monsanto which is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri -generally involves inserting genes into a crop's genome to boost EPSP-synthase production. ラウンドアップ come from bacteria that infect plants.

This additional EPSP synthase permits plants to counteract the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs also have tried to create EPSP-synthase that is more plant-based than bacteria by utilizing genes from plants. This was done to exploit an inconsistency found in US law, which permits regulatory approval for organisms that aren't derived from bacteria.

A few studies have explored whether transgenes that confer resistance to glyphosate help plants compete in reproductive success and longevity once they're introduced to wild or weedy relatives through cross-pollination. "The common belief is that any sort of transgene could cause disadvantage in the wild, in the absence of selection pressure, due to the fact that any additional machinery will reduce the fitness," says Norman Ellstrand an expert in plant genetics at the University of California in Riverside.

https://www.dcm-ekurashi.com/goods/383679 is an ecologist at Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that glyphosate resistance is a major fitness benefit, even if it isn't applied.

http://www.greenjapan.co.jp/roundup_max.htm was published in 1. Lu and his colleagues altered the genetics of cultivated rice to increase its EPSP synthase expression and crossed it with a weedy relative.

The team let the offspring of crossbreeding to cross-breed with each other to produce second-generation hybrids. They were identical genetically apart from the number of EPSP synthase genes they had. Like https://www.kaunet.com/rakuraku/spook3/main?Keyword=%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h&ShowList=1 might expect, more copies produced higher levels of enzyme and more tryptophan than their unmodified counterparts.

Researchers also discovered that plants with transgenic genes were more photosynthesis-intensive as well as produced more flowers and produced 48-125% fewer seeds per plant than non-transgenic hybrids. This was in spite of the fact that glyphosate wasn't present.

Lu believes that making weedy Rice more competitive might make the problem worse for farmers across the globe whose fields are infested with the pest.

Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, has said that the EPSP Synthase gene could get into wild rice species. This would erode their genetic diversity, which is very important. "This is an example of the extremely plausible detrimental impacts of GM plants] on our surroundings."

This study challenges popular notion that genetically modified plants that carry extra copies of their own genes are safer than those containing genes from microorganisms. Lu claims that the study does not support this belief.

Researchers say this discovery requires rethinking the future regulation on the use of genetically modified plants. Ellstrand believes that biosafety laws may be relaxed because we benefit from a high degree of security from two decades of genetic engineering. "But the study shows that the new technologies require careful examination."


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