Notes

What exactly is Roundup Ready?
First, what exactly is Roundup Ready? Roundup Ready is a trademark name for a patented line of genetically modified seeds that are immune to the herbicide that is based on glyphosate called Roundup. The crops are referred to as Roundup Ready.

Who invented Roundup?
John Franz, a Monsanto Chemist, found that Glyphosate is an active ingredient in Roundup in 1970. The majority of herbicides employed in the ag business were pre-emergent. This means that they were applied before the crops and grass weeds arose. Glyphosate's capability to control large numbers of grass weeds and broadleafs was a completely different thing. https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360 (soil inactivation, rapid degradation, etc.) as well as its toxicological characteristics (extremely minimal levels of toxicity for mammals and other beneficial organisms) created it to be a groundbreaking product.

When was the time Roundup created?
Roundup(r) is a broad-spectrum herbicide was first released on the market in 1974. It quickly became become the top-selling agricultural chemical. It was initially employed in ditches, on railroads and sprayed on fields between the growing seasons. ラウンドアップ allowed farmers to keep a check on grass and broadleaf weeds emerging from the soil. This reduced the necessity for tillage, maintained soil structure and reduced soil erosion.

Then came the question of Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists in awe of the remarkable advancements in recombinant technology in the 1970s recognized the many benefits for farmers if Roundup was directly applied to their crops in order to reduce the weeds. Ernie Jaworski led a small group that included Steve Rogers, Rob Horsch and myself to address this issue. In the early 1980s , this team had developed the very first systems to introduce genes in plants. Our attention shifted to the development of viruses-resistant cropsthat are resistant to insect pests and are Roundup-tolerant.

It was discovered that Roundup was able to block the biochemical pathway in plants that produce aromatic amino acids. ( ラウンドアップ and humans don't have this pathway, which explains Roundup's high degree of mammalian safety). Furthermore, it was quickly broken down in soils by microorganisms. In ラウンドアップ -1980s, our researchers had identified the genes of both microbial and plant species that increased tolerance to herbicides through laboratory testing. In 1987 the USDA authorized the first field test for Roundup Ready plants. This was a Roundup resistant crop of genetically modified tomatoes that proved tolerant to Roundup. After a few decades, the Roundup Ready gene that would become the main trait of the Roundup Ready crop was discovered. It was later isolated and introduced into the crop.

Let's consider https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ as an example. The first step is to address two issues. What is Roundup Ready soybeans? How are they made? Roundup Ready Soybeans could be described as soybeans that have been genetically engineered that have their DNA modified so that they can resist Roundup's active ingredient known as glyphosate. Because every soybean seed was infected with the Roundup Ready gene prior planting this variety of soybeans is resistant to glyphosate. This permits farmers to spray their field with herbicides without having to destroy their plants.

It is evident the fact that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996, and revolutionized agriculture and agricultural science. Roundup resistance was immediately recognized by farmers, and the adoption of Roundup Ready was swift. Today, over 90 percent of U.S. soybeans are grown with the biotech gene that allows herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready crops have streamlined and improved systems for controlling weeds that resulted in greater yields of the crop. In addition to decreasing the cost of equipment and tillage, Roundup Ready crops also allow for easier harvests because there are fewer herbicides. Conservation tillage has brought an environmental impact that is significant. ラウンドアップ have decreased their energy use and GHG emissions by using less plowing. ラウンドアップ preserves soil structure and helps to prevent erosion. This is equivalent to the removal of 28.3 billion kg of carbon dioxide (or 12.4 million vehicles) from the road. Source: PG Economy.
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