Notes

What is the story behind how Roundup Ready or Roundup get their names?
First, what is Roundup Ready? ラウンドアップ refers to a trademarked line of genetically altered crop seeds that are resistant to Roundup. These plants are known as Roundup Ready crops.

Roundup was invented by who?
John Franz, a Monsanto chemist discovered that Glyphosate was an active ingredient in Roundup in the year 1970. In the year 1970, the majority of herbicides used in the agricultural field were pre-emergent. This means that they were applied before the crop and weeds were established. Glyphosate's capacity to control huge numbers of grass weeds and broadleafs was totally different. Its unique environmental characteristics (soil inactivation, rapid degradation, etc.).) as well as its toxicological characteristics (extremely minimal levels of toxicity to mammals as well as other beneficial species) resulted in a novel product.

When was ラウンドアップ 影響 introduced?
Roundup(r) was introduced into the market in 1974 as a broad-spectrum herbicide and quickly became one the top agricultural chemicals on the market. It was initially employed on railway tracks, in ditches and in fields during growing seasons. This allowed farmers to manage grass and broadleaf weeds that were growing from the soil. This reduced the necessity for tillage, maintained soil structure and reduced soil erosion.

The Roundup Ready GMOs were next.
Monsanto scientists, inspired by the amazing advances in recombinant technology in the 1970s recognized the many advantages to farmers if Roundup could be directly applied to their crops to manage the weeds. ラウンドアップ 除草剤 was first tackled by a small team of scientists, led by Dr. Ernie Jaworski (Rob Horsch and Steve Rogers), This team developed the first method to introduce genetic to plants in the late 1980s. Then, we focused our efforts on developing virus resistant plants, insect resistant and Roundup-tolerant.

It was found out that Roundup was able to block the biochemical pathway in plants which create aromatic amino acids. (Both animals and humans aren't equipped with this pathway, which explains Roundup’s high level for mammalian security). Furthermore it was rapidly broken down in soils by microorganisms. In the middle of the 1980s scientists discovered both plant genes and microbial genes which conferred higher herbicide tolerance. In 1987, the USDA approved the first field study of Roundup Ready crops. This Roundup-resistant variety was genetically modified tomatoes that proved resistant to Roundup. A few more years later the Roundup Ready gene was isolated and identified.

Let's consider soybeans as an example. We first need to address two issues. What is Roundup Ready soybeans? How do they make them? ラウンドアップ are soybeans genetically engineered which have had their DNA modified to be able to resist Roundup's herbicide glyphosate. This soybean is tolerant to Roundup since each seed has the Roundup Ready gene that has been infected before it's planted. Farmers can use Roundup Ready gene in their fields to spray and not harm their crops.

Roundup Ready crop introductions in 1996 have had a major impact on agriculture and agricultural science. Roundup resistance was quickly accepted by farmers. Today, more than 90 percent of U.S. cotton, soybean, and canola fields use a biotech trait that allows the herbicide to be tolerant. Roundup Ready crops simplified and improved weed management systems. ラウンドアップ resulted in increased yields on crops. Also, it reduced the need to tilde, cut down on equipment costs, and made harvesting easier because of fewer the amount of weeds. Increased adoption of conservation-tillage has had a major environmental impact. ラウンドアップ can cut down on their carbon footprint and energy use by cutting down on plowing. But this also preserves soil structure and decreases erosion. It was the equivalent of removing 28.4 Billion kg carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which is 12.4 M vehicles off the road in a single year (Source . PG Economics.
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