Notes

Genetically modified crops are more advantageous than weeds

Wild plants could be given resistance to herbicides.

Credit goes to Xiao Yang
A well-known method of genetic modification of crops to make them herbicide resistant has been proven to provide advantages to the weedy varieties of rice even when the herbicide isn't present. The results suggest that this modifications could positively impact wild rice varieties as well as the crops.

A variety of crops are genetically engineered to resist the glyphosate. This herbicide, first called Roundup it was released to the market in 1996 under the tradename Roundup. This resistance allows farmers to remove the majority of the weeds that grow in their fields without harming their crops.

ラウンドアップ inhibits an enzyme known as EPSP synthase which is responsible for the creation of specific amino acids and other molecules. ラウンドアップ じょうろ can also hinder plant growth. Genetic modification, such as the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into a plant's genetic code to boost EPSP production. The genes typically come from bacteria that cause disease in plants.

The extra EPSP synthase lets the plant resist the effects of glyphosate. ラウンドアップ tried to use plant genes to boost EPSP synthase activity. This was done in part to make use of a loophole that is in US law that permits the regulatory approval of organisms containing transgenes that have not been derived from pests of bacteria.

Few studies have examined the possibility that transgenes similar to those that confer glyphosate resistant can make plants more competitive in reproduction and survival once they are introduced to wild or weedy relatives through cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist, states that without selection pressure, any type of transgene is likely to create disadvantages in wild plants. https://search.rakuten.co.jp/search/mall/ラウンドアップ+マックスロード/ would lower fitness.

Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has changed the way that he views this. He found that glyphosate resistance gives an impressive fitness boost to the weedy version of the popular rice crop Oryza sativa.

Lu and his colleagues genetically modified the cultivated Rice species to express the EPSP synthase, and then crossed it with a plant that was weedy.

The group then let offspring that were cross-bred to breed with one another, resulting in second generation hybrids which were genetically identical to their parents except the number of duplicates of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase. As expected, those with more copies expressed greater amounts of the enzyme and also produced more amino acids tryptophan than the unmodified ones.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids produced 48-125percent more seeds per plant, and had more photosynthesis, and had more shoots than non-transgenic ones.

Lu believes that making weedy rice less competitive can make it harder for farmers who have their land infested by the pest.

Brian Ford-Lloyd of Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at the University of Birmingham, UK Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at the University of Birmingham in the "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice varieties the genetic diversity of their species that was so important in conserving it, could be at risk because it could beat out the conventional varieties." " ラウンドアップ is one the most obvious instances of the highly probable negative consequences [of GM crops] on the environment."

There is a popular belief that genetically engineered plants with additional copies of microorganisms' genes are less risky than those that only contain the genes of their owners. "Our study shows that this is not always the case," says Lu.

The research results call for a reconsideration of the future regulations for the genetically altered crops, researchers claim. Ellstrand thinks that biosafety rules can be relaxed since we are able to have a great level of satisfaction from the two decades of genetic engineering. The study doesn't prove that the new products are secure.


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