Notes

Genetically modified plants are more efficient than weeds

Wild plants could be given herbicide resistance.

ラウンドアップ of genetic modification that makes crops resistant to herbicides was found to have advantages over weedy forms of rice. The findings suggest that this modification may be able to positively impact wild rice varieties and crop varieties.

Many varieties of crops are genetically modified to be resistive to glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide to be marketed. Farmers can get rid of herbicides from their fields by using glyphosate without harming their crops due to this resistance.

ラウンドアップ is an inhibitor of plant growth. It blocks an enzyme known EPSP synthase. This enzyme is involved in the creation of specific amino acids as well as other molecule. ラウンドアップ could account for up to 35% of a plant's mass. https://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/show_user.php?userid=2710793 used in Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri) is the process of inserting genes into a crop to increase EPSP synthase's output. Genes usually come from bacteria that cause disease to plants.

This extra EPSP synthase enables plants to resist the effects from glyphosate. Biotechnology labs have tried using plant genes to boost EPSP synthase production. This was partly to exploit a loophole within US law that allows regulatory approval of organisms containing transgenes which have not come from pests of bacteria.

There aren't many studies that have examined the possibility that transgenes like ones that confer resistance to glyphosate could -- after they become wild or weedy relatives by cross-pollination -make plants more competitive in terms of survival and reproduction. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. "The hypothesis is that any transgene can cause disadvantage in the wild, in the absence of select pressure, because it would reduce the fitness of the plant," Ellstrand said.

Lu Baorong (an ecologist at Fudan University, Shanghai) has now challenged that view. It shows that resistance to glyphosate provides significant benefits to fitness for a weedy rice crop called Oryza sativa even when not being used.

Lu and his colleagues genetically modified the cultivated Rice species to express its EPSP synthase. They then crossed-bred it to a weedy parent.

The team allowed the offspring from cross-breeding to breed with each other, resulting in second-generation hybrids genetically identical to each other except for the number of copies the gene encoding EPSP synase. The team found that those who had more copies of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase had more enzyme expression and also produced more tryptophan, in line with what was expected.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids are more photogenic, produced more plants per plant, and produced 48 to 125% higher yields of seeds than varieties that were not transgenic.

Lu believes that making rice that is weedy more competitive might increase the risk for the farmers around the world who's fields are infested with the pest.

Brian Ford-Lloyd is a UK plant geneticist. He states, "If the EPSP synthase gene becomes present in wild rice varieties their genetic diversity could be endangered, which is significant because the genotype with transgene has a higher level of competition than the standard species." " ラウンドアップ is one illustration of the most plausible and damaging negative effects of GM crops on the environment."

This research also challenges the perception that crops with genetically modified genes containing extra copies of their genes are safer than those containing microorganism genes. Lu declares that "our study does not prove that this is true."

Some researchers believe this finding requires a review of the future regulation of crops that have been genetically modified. Ellstrand states "Some people believe that the biosafety regulations should be relaxed." Ellstrand addsthat "But the study still shows that novel products require careful analysis."


Read More: https://git.sicom.gov.co/roundup44wdcn760