Notes

How did Roundup Ready and Roundup develop?
What is Roundup Readiness? Roundup Ready is the trademark name for a line of genetically modified crops which are resistant to Roundup. These are referred to as 'Roundup Ready' crops.

Who invented Roundup?
Glyphosate, the active agent in Roundup, was first discovered as an herbicide in the year 1970 by Monsanto chemist, John Franz. In 1970, the majority of herbicides in the ag field were pre-emergent. In other words, they were applied prior to the crops and weeds had emerged. The post-emergent efficiency of glyphosate in controlling huge amounts of broadleaf grass weeds was astonishing. This, in conjunction with its extraordinary environmental (soil degradation rapid degradation, soil degradation, etc.) and toxicological properties (extremely toxic for mammals (and beneficial organisms) and created a remarkable product.

When was Roundup first created?
ラウンドアップ (r) was first introduced to the market in 1974 as a broad-spectrum herbicide. ラウンドアップ became one of the top agricultural chemicals on the market. ララウンドアップ 希釈倍率 was initially employed on railway tracks, in ditches and in fields during the growth seasons. This helped farmers manage grass and broadleaf weeds emerging from the soil. This decreased the need for tillageand preserved soil structure, and reduced soil erosion.

The next step was Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists saw the potential benefits that Roundup(r) Recombinant DNA product could have for farmers after the discoveries made in the 1970s. Ernie Jaworski, Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers, and I began to work on this challenge. In the early 1980s, this group had developed the first systems that allowed the introduction of particular genes into plants and our focus was on the development of virus-resistant, insect resistant and Roundup-tolerant plants.

It was discovered that Roundup glyphosate impeded plant's ability to create aromatic amino acids. Roundup's high level in mammal safety was because of this. ラウンドアップ 除草剤 使い方 is also rapidly metabolized in the soil by microorganisms. Our study had already revealed both plant- and microbial genetics that conferred higher herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready plants were first evaluated on the field by the USDA in 1987. This Roundup-resistant crop included genetically altered tomatoes which were resistant to Roundup. In the following years, the bacterial gene which would eventually become the Roundup Ready trait was identified, isolated, and introduced into plants.

Let's examine soybeans for an example by answering the questions, what are Roundup Ready soybeans? And what is ラウンドアップ by which Roundup Ready soybeans are produced? ラウンドアップ is a genetically engineered variety of soybeans that has had its DNA modified to protect them from the herbicide Roundup. These soybeans are tolerant to glyphosate as each soybean seed has had the Roundup Ready gene implanted into it prior to it being planted. ラウンドアップ means that farmers can spray their fields using the herbicide and not harm their crop.

It is evident that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996 and changed agriculture and agricultural science. Farmers quickly recognized the benefits of Roundup resistance and adoption was extremely swift (today over 90% of the U.S. soybean cotton, corn, and canola fields use biotech traits for resistance to herbicides). Roundup Ready crops were able to simplify and improve methods of controlling weeds. They also resulted in increased yields for crops. The most significant environmental benefit has been the increased adoption of conservation tillage: by cutting down on plowing, farmers cut down energy consumption and GHG emissions while maintaining soil structure and reducing erosion. This is equivalent to taking 28.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in 2013, or 12.4 million vehicles off roads for the year (Source: , PG Economics).
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