Notes

Genetically modified crops have more advantages than herbicides

Herbicide resistance might give plants an advantage in the wild.

ラウンドアップ to Xiao Yang
A common technique for genetic modification of crops that make them herbicide-resistant has been found to give advantages to weedy varieties of rice, even when herbicide isn't in use. These results suggest that such modifications may have a wide range of effects beyond the farms, and even into the wild.

There are many varieties of crops have been genetically altered to be resistive to the glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide to be marketed. This resistance allows farmers to eliminate most the weeds that grow in their fields without causing harm to their crops.

Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by blocking an enzyme referred to as EPSP synthase, which is involved in the production of certain amino acids and other molecules that make up approximately 35% of a plant's mass. Genetic modification, such as the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into the genetic code to increase EPSP production. The genes are often derived from bacteria that have caused the infection of the plants.

This additional EPSP synthase allows plants to counteract the effects of glyphosate. https://www.komeri.com/disp/CKmSfGoodsPageMain_001.jsp?GOODS_NO=1013169 are also trying to use genes from plants instead of bacteria to increase EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ is mainly due to the US law allows for regulatory approval to allow organisms that have transgenes to be recognized as acceptable.

Few studies have explored whether transgenes that confer glyphosate tolerance could -- after they are weedy or become wild relatives via cross-pollinating -can boost the plant's survival and reproduce. "The conventional belief is that any sort of transgene can cause disadvantages in the wild in the absence of selection pressure, because the extra machinery would decrease the fitness of the plant," says Norman Ellstrand, a plant geneticist at the University of California in Riverside.

Lu Baorong is an ecologist in Fudan University Shanghai. His research shows that resistance to glyphosate offers a significant health benefit, even though it's not used.

In the study which was published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his colleagues genetically modified the cultivated rice species to increase the expression of its own EPSP synthase. They crossed the altered rice with a weedy ancestor.

The group then let the offspring of crossbreeding to cross-breed to create second generation hybrids. They were identical genetically except for the amount of EPSP synthase genes they had. As was expected, those who had more copies had greater levels of enzymes and produced more amino acid tryptophan when compared to the unmodified counterparts.

Researchers also found that transgenic plants showed higher rates of photosynthesis as well as produced more flowers and produced 48 to 125 percent fewer seeds per plant than non-transgenic hybrids. This was despite the fact that glyphosate was never present.

Lu says that making weedy grains more competitive could increase the difficulties it causes for farmers across the world whose crops are affected by the pest.

Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, said that the EPSP Synthase gene could get in wild rice varieties. This would erode the genetic diversity of their species, which is very crucial. https://search.rakuten.co.jp/search/mall/ラウンドアップ/ is one of the most clear examples of plausible harmful effects [of GM crop on the environment."

ラウンドアップ lv25 challenges public perception that genetically modified crops with extra copies of their genes are safer than those containing the genes of microorganisms. "Our study proves that this isn't always the case," Lu says. Lu.

Researchers have concluded that these findings should prompt a rethinking of how genetically modified plants will be controlled in the near future. Ellstrand believes that some believe biosafety regulations can be relaxed since we have over two years of genetic engineering. "But ラウンドアップ indicates that innovative products require careful evaluation."


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