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Balance of trade
Current account: Transfer payments, international aid, Remittence (foreign worker sends money back), investment income
Financial account: Stocks/bonds, purchasing assets
The ratio of M1 to M0 is the money multiplier
M0: Monetary base. Currency + Bank reserves
M1: money supply. Travellers checks and checkable deposits (demand deposits)
M2: (near money) M1 + savings deposits + Certificate of deposits
M3 not measured by the Fed
Unit of account, store of value, medium of exchange
No central bank: Hyperinflation
Liquidity trap: Renders monetary policy useless
Federal funds rate (banks charge each other)
Discount rate (Interest rates that central banks charge commercial banks)
Federal reserve (central bank) is a fiscal agent for the government.
Currency drain: Increase in amount of money outside banks, (money supply)
3 leakages
- money leaving out of circular flow (savings)
- taxes
- imports
3 injections
- Government spending
- exports
- investment
Moralsuation: Government suggestive language
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