Notes

Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are all considered organic macromolecules. The term organic in this context means that the element carbon is present in the macromoleculesThe term organic in this context means that the element carbon is present in the macromolecules. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids have other elements in addition to carbon such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Because these large molecules are made up of many elements, as opposed to just a few, they are called “macro” molecules. Water, on the other hand, is an example of a simple molecule. Water, or H2O, is made of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. As you will realize in this lesson, one molecule of water is much smaller than a macromolecule. You will also learn how water is added or taken away to create or break apart proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. What I mean by this is that even though carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids may look very different, Fiber helps food move through your body. It gives your intestines bulk to move through your digestive system. Sometimes, when people do not eat enough fiber, they get constipated, or in other words, their fecal waste becomes too hard and their bodies have a difficult time getting rid of it. This can be very damaging to the colon, which is the last segment of the intestine before the waste products leave the body.

they are all made the same way and broken apart the same way.cellulose, which is a type of carbohydrate, is used in the cell wall of the plant in order to provide structural support.A simple sugar, or one molecule of sugar, is called a monosaccharide (meaning “one sugar”). Monosaccharides can either be used right away, or they can be stored for future use. However, before our bodies can store monosaccharides, they must be connected to other sugars. These bonds are created through the process of dehydration.In the diagram, notice that not only is glucose in ring form, but the six carbons are not represented by a symbol. Hydrogen atoms make only one bond and oxygen make two bonds.

Dehydration Synthesis
If the body does not want to use a molecule of glucose right away, it can attach that molecule to another molecule of glucose. When two molecules of glucose hook together, they make one molecule of maltose.
Because maltose is two monosaccharides hooked together, it is called a disaccharide.The two hydrogens and one of the oxygens will be taken away from the molecules in the form of water and a bond between the two molecules will form with the remaining oxygen.When water is removed from two glucose molecules (a), it results in maltose (b).

When sugars are stored, they are usually stored as polysaccharides (“many sugars”) instead of monosaccharides or disaccharides. To make a polysaccharide, you need to connect more than two sugar molecules together by the process of dehydration synthesis.