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1. Vertigo vestibuler
Memiliki karakteristik: lesi di
bagian perifer dari apparatus
vestibuler seperti: organ
vestibuler atau saraf
vestibulokoklear . Pasien merasa
lingkungan sekitarnya berputar
(oscillopsia),rasanya naik turun
seperti berada di atas kapal.
Vertigo vestibuler seringkali diikuti
dengan gejala otonom seperti
nausea dan muntah serta
nistagmus. Lesi vestibuler juga
ada yang di bagian sentral
contohnya lesi pada nukleus
vestibuler di batang otak. Lesi
sentral vestibuler juga bisa
menyebabkan vertigo direk, akan
tetapi secara umum lebih ringan
dibandingkan lesi perifer. Gejala
otonom juga cenderung lebih
minim atau bahkan tidak ada.
2. Vertigo nonvestibuler
Vertigo nonvestibuler seringkali
sulit dideskripsikan secara jelas
oleh pasien. Pasien biasanya
mengeluhkan rasa pusing,
kekosongan di kepala, dan gelap
pada mata. Kondisi oscillopsia dan
gejala otonom tidak pernah
ditemukan. Lesi pada bagian saraf
pusat dapat menyebabkan
nistagmus patologis Vertigo
nonvestibuler bisa disebabkan lesi
pada bagian nonvestibuler dari
sistem regulator keseimbangan
atau bisa juga disebabkan
kesalahan proses informasi di
sistem saraf pusat(misal karena
lesi cerebelar). Hipotensi
ortostatik dan stenosis aorta dapat
menjadi penyebab vertigo
nonvestibuler.
@JiEunJi_Jung [D-4532]
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