Notes

1 – Elastic Deformation: In this part of the curve, the material stretches but the material can return to its original shape if the material does not get stretched beyond this part. Also known as Young’s modulus, can be calculated by using stress/strain.
2 – Yield Strength: In this part of the curve, the yield strength signifies the part just before any permanent deformation can occur, it is the maximum elastic deformation.
3 – Plastic Deformation: This part of the curve is where the material goes through permanent deformation and cannot return to its original shape.
4 – Ultimate Tensile Strength: Ultimate tensile strength is the part of the material which requires the maximum amount of stress to reach that part. It is also the materials maximum amount of resistance before failure occurs.
5 – Necking: Necking is the part of the curve where a type of tensile deformation, where a large amounts strain localises in a small part of the material disproportionately. This results in a decrease in the local cross-sectional area which is why the name ‘necking’ is used.
6 – Fracture: This is the part of the curve where the material fails to stay intact and breaks apart or fractures.