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Monossacarídeos
fórmula geral: C ₙH ₂ₙO ₙ
Etimologia: (antigo Gr. Μόνος mónos 'sozinho', τό σάκχαρ tó sákchar 'açúcar' e -ειδής -eidés 'semelhantes, em forma' também chamados de açúcares simples)
São um grupo de compostos químicos orgânicos. Eles são produtos da oxidação parcial de álcoois poliídricos. Todos os monossacarídeos têm uma cadeia de pelo menos três átomos de carbono como estrutura básica e têm um grupo carbonila e pelo menos um grupo hidroxila. Eles são os blocos de construção de todos os carboidratos e podem se combinar para formar dissacarídeos (açúcares duplos), oligossacarídeos (açúcares múltiplos) ou polissacarídeos (açúcares múltiplos).
Os monossacarídeos glicose, frutose e galactose são os açúcares mais importantes no metabolismo. Eles são portadores de energia e também servem como blocos de construção de células.
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