Notes

What is Industrial Automation & How it Evolved
What is industrial Automation

Industrial Automation is often a technique where we make give over human control to machines. In industrial automation machines are programmed to accomplish the tasks which people utilized to achieve. Why it is done? Because of its advantages:

Through Industrial automation we are able to do mass production with less manpower
Quality from the product is increased
Safety of individual & devices are increased
More accurate process control
Since human intervention is less so reliability in the system is higher
Systems operate is low power, more electronic control so equipment life's higher
Changes in process logic becomes easier since logics are changed mostly through software

Principal Industrial Automation MNCs

L & T • ALSTOM

Schneider • FESTO

Siemens • Fuji Electric

Allen Bradley • Toshiba

Messung • TATA Honeywell

Modicon • Omron

Mitsubishi • Fanuc

Asia Automation • Delta

How industrial automation control system Evolved?

Initially automation was achieved through manual control, operators employed to control the procedure at every step. Human intervention was there at each and every step. Drawbacks were inferior output, errors linked to human involvement affected compromised safety, wastage of raw material, and accuracy of human action.

Then came Pneumatic Control: Industrial automation in this era was achieved through invention of pneumatic controllers noisy . 1920s. Automation was achieved by controlling air to pneumatic valves, which experts claim were actually switched on/off by relays and switches. They were very bulky and changing in the logic was very complex procedure since a great deal of rework was required to accomplish alternation in logic. So time come to complete task changes was very high

Hard wired logic control: contactors, relays (for switching), timers and counters (for timing and counting) were utilized for achieving desired industrial automation. But a fantastic read resulted into bulky panels. A lot of wiring was involved so time taken to complete task was higher. Defect investigation & troubleshooting was complex.

Electronic Control using Logic Gates: In early 60s electronics dominated the task, electronic logic gates were utilised for achieving logical operations. they replaced switching devices like relays and contactors inside control circuits. Electronic times & counters replaced mechanical timers & counters. Due to utilization of electronics space and requirements reduced, maintenance requirement reduced & systems were more reliable.
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