Notes

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Według Empedoklesa (490-430 p.n.e.) nic w wszechświecie nie jest stworzone ani zniszczone. W wszechświecie nie jest bowiem stabilnej temperatury. In the historical times Islamic law prescribed death penalty for apostasy ( Christianity and Judaism alike) and to this day there are debates in the world of Islam if an apostate should be punished and how. Their Islamization is a rebel against laicization and /or Catholic Church teachings, defined as being illogical and incomprehensible at times. Also, the interviewed displayed some characteristic features of people who tend to rebel and their revolt and consequent conversion to Islam has been facilitated by the fact that Islam found its way in Poland thanks to the release of the Iron Curtain. The study found 40 percent of the Moroccan youth in the Netherlands reject western values and democracy. 11 The investigation of so called circumstances of the revelations (asbab-al-nuzul) in Islam constitutes a field that for centuries has been very important for both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars. Muslims. To address the problem, so called Islamic banking was elaborated; a person that pays his/her money in the bank participates in the bank’s profits and losses. Firestone R., Disparity and Resolution in the Quranic Teachnings on War: A Reevaluation of a Traditional Problem, in „Journal of Near Eastern Studies”, Vol.


When the question of WTC appeared during the interviews, the respondents never seemed surprised and they started to complain on mass media and their overall tendency to take statements, and particularly Quranic verses, out of the context, not knowing the historical background of the Revelation.11. Although Myanmar appeared to make positive steps towards the realization of its human rights obligations since the end of a lengthy military rule, General Thein Sein marked a new era of overt discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities. The respondents try to avoid being identified with some current in Islam, although between the lines it is not hard to recognize it. Having faced capitalism, they feel uncomfortable under new circumstances, torn between the past and the preset that they contest. Saeed A.i H., (2004), Freedom of religion, Apostasy and Islam, Ashgate. Islam - in Sunni Islam complete resignation of manifestation of somebody’s religious affiliation may be seen as hypocrisy which is perceived by the radicals as apostasy. 9 In Islam here is a prohibition of interest rates. 3 Quran forbids drinking wine only but per analogiam (qiyas) the prohibition is extended on all the kinds of alcohol. However, first visit in any Islamic country shows that the prohibition does not work: in Lebanon one can see billboards with soldiers who died in the fight (shuhada), in Iran one can come across pictures of Khomeini and Husayn, etc.

As post-socialist mentality still exists (that can be observed in growing sentiments among the elderly people who pass them to the younger generation) and , what is more, Islam has strong socialist base in terms of social care and control, the converts may interpret their changing in the religion as something that happened very naturally. The Muslims (however not fundamentalists) refer to the derogation theory that says that later revealed verses derogate the earlier ones (what resembles Roman paremia „lex posteriori derogat legi priori”), but it is very difficult to establish which verses were the previous ones. The religious space became opened for many religious movements, which previously were considered exotic or unacceptable. Quran does not prescribe any earthly punishment for leaving Islam, but ahadith, i.e. 4 i.e. a formula „There is no god but God and Muhammad is His Messenger”, which is a verbal confirmation of a monotheistic principle.

Prophet Muhammad there are some suggestions how to punish an apostate. 10 The prayer can be postponed, if there were no conditions for observing it in due time. Interestingly enough, majority of the converts asked for some explanations on some aspects of their religion, demonstrated considerable lack of knowledge (however the claimed they were well-read in the Islamic theology). kartkówka is moderate and intellectual, seeming not being committed to any ideology. One may conclude that they know about Islam comparably the same as they know about Catholicism, but their emotional approach t Islam is much deeper and the emotional profits they get from being in umma are much greater than they got from being involved in Catholic community. “adhesionists”, being still somehow connected with the previous order, even though they do not ascribe to it an spiritual dimension. Though the military still holds twenty-five percent of Parliamentary seats, as required by the Constitution, the NLD’s rise to power presents an opportunity for the party to spearhead the protection and promotion of human rights for all in Myanmar.

The number of the converts is still growing, so very soon new up-to-dated data will be required in order to evaluate the tendency and its possible impact on Polish society. They rather avoid the topic or stress their commitment to democratic values and loyalty to Poland (however, criticize Polish presence in Iraq). Polish converts to Islam very often referred to “shallow spirituality” of Poles and clearly their conversion constitute a protest against rapid secularization. Levitzion N. (ed.), (1979), Conversion to Islam, Holmes and Meier, New York. Jansen J., (1997), Dual nature of Islamic Fundamentalism, Cornell University Press, New York. Thus, one can meet women dressed in an “European” style and also very carefully covered in different Islamic countries ( Jansen ,1997). 5 A person that abandons Islam becomes an apostate, what can result in various ways. What one can observe is that the virtual interlocutors are definitely extreme in every aspect of their religiousness to natomiast great extent, but then a question arises if they are so since they believe to be anonymous and nameless or they just wish for engaging Internet surfers into a debate. But every Muslim should be a living shahid, i.e. Banks live on the interests, i.e.


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