Notes

The word ‘sovereign’ implies that India is neither a dependency
nor a dominion of any other nation, but an independent state2
.
There is no authority above it, and it is free to conduct its own
affairs (both internal aough in 1949, India declared the continuation of her full
membership of the Commonwealth of Nations and accepted the
British Crown as the head of the Commonwealth, this extraconstitutional declaration does not affect India’s sovereignty in any
manner3
. Further, India’s membership of the United Nations
Organisation (UNO) also in no way constitutes a limitation on her
sovereignty4
.
Being a sovereign state, India can either acquire a foreign
territory or cede a part of its territory in favour of a foreign state.
2. Socialist
Even before the term was added by the 42nd Amendment in
1976, the Constitution had a socialist content in the form of certain
Directive Principles of State Policy. In other words, what was
hitherto implicit in the Constitution has now been made explicit.
Moreover, the Congress party itself adopted a resolution5
to
establish a ‘socialistic pattern of society’ in its Avadi session as
early as in 1955 and took measures accordingly.
Notably, the Indian brand external).