Notes

Benefits of genetically modified plants over weeds

In the wild, plants can be treated with herbicides.

Credit Xiao Yang
It has been established that a genetic modification technique that is used extensively to make crops resistant to herbicides, gives advantages to the rice that is weedy. The results suggest that this modification may be able to positively impact wild rice varieties as well as crops.

A range of crops have been genetically modified so that they are immune to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. Farmers can get rid of herbicides from their fields by using glyphosate without harming their crops because of this resistance.

Glyphosate prevents plant growth by inhibiting EPSP synthase (an enzyme involved in the production of specific amino acids as well as various other molecules). The enzyme can make up as much as 35 percent or more of the plant's total mass. Genetic modification, like the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into a plant's genetic code to increase EPSP production. Genes are usually derived from bacteria that infect crops.

The plant is able to withstand the effects caused by glyphosate since it has an additional EPSP-synthase. ラウンドアップ 効果 tried to use genes from plants to boost EPSP synthase activity. This was partially to make use of a loophole that is in US law that allows regulatory approval of organisms containing transgenes that have not been derived from pests caused by bacteria.

A few studies have explored whether transgenes like those which confer glyphosate resistance can increase the competitiveness of plants for reproduction and even survival after they're introduced to wild or weedy relatives by cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand of University of California Riverside states, "The conventional expectation is that any type of transgene found in the wild could confer disadvantage if there's no pressure to select because the extra machinery could decrease the health."

Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has changed the way that he views this. He has discovered that glyphosate resistance provides significant fitness benefits to a weedy version of the popular rice plant Oryza sativa.

In the study published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his colleagues genetically modified the rice cultivar to increase the expression of its own EPSP synthase. They also crossed-bred the modified rice with a weedy relative.

The group then let offspring to crossbreed with one another, resulting in second generation hybrids that are genetically similar to their parents, except for how many duplicates of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase. The team found that those with greater than one copy of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase expressed more enzyme and also produced more tryptophan, which is what we expected.

ラウンドアップ found that transgenic hybrids are more photogenic, they produced more plants per plant and had 48-125 percent higher yields of seeds than varieties that were not transgenic.

Lu says that making weedy grains more competitive can increase the difficulties it causes to farmers around the world who have crops affected by the pest.

"If ラウンドアップ 口コミ -synthase gene gets in the wild rice plant, their genetic diversity, which is important to conserve may be at risk as the genotype with the transgene will outcompete the natural species" Brian Ford-Lloyd, a plant geneticist at the University of Birmingham, UK. "This is among the clearest examples of highly plausible negative effects of GM crops] on the environment."

There is a popular belief that genetically engineered plants with extra copies or microorganisms genes are less risky than those containing only the genes of their owners. Lu states that his research does not contradict this belief.

Researchers have said that this finding calls for rethinking the future regulation on genetically modified crops. ラウンドアップ 原液 筆 thinks that biosafety regulations may be relaxed because we enjoy a high level security from two decades of genetic engineering. "But https://www.komeri.com/disp/CKmSfGoodsPageMain_001.jsp?GOODS_NO=1713321 has shown that the new technologies still require careful evaluation."


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