Notes

Genetically modified plants are more efficient than the weeds

Plants in the wild could be given herbicide resistance.

ラウンドアップ マックスロード : Xiao Yang
A common method of genetic modification that makes crops resistant to herbicides has been shown to be superior over rice varieties that are weedy. These results suggest that such modifications can have a broad variety of impacts that extend beyond farms and into the wild.

A variety of cultivars have been genetically altered in order to resist the effects of glyphosate. ラウンドアップ was first available under the trade name Roundup. This resistance allows farmers to eliminate most weeds from their fields without causing harm to their crops.

Glyphosate inhibits an enzyme known as EPSP synthase, which is responsible for the production of certain amino acid and other molecules. https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ can also hinder the growth of plants. The genetic modification method employed for Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri) is the process of inserting genes into a crop to increase EPSP synthase's output. The genes typically come from bacteria that have been infected by plants.

The plant is able to withstand the effects caused by glyphosate because it has an extra EPSP-synthase. Biotechnology labs also tried to use plants' genes to boost EPSP-synthase levels, in part to make use of an American loophole that permits regulatory approval of transgenes which are not derived from bacteria-based pests.

Few studies have tested whether transgenes such as those that confer glyphosate resistance can -- once they get into wild or weedy relatives via cross-pollination, make plants more competitive for survival and reproduction. Norman Ellstrand of University of California Riverside says, "The conventional expectation is that any type of transgene that is found in nature will cause disadvantages if there is no selection pressure because the added machinery can lower the fitness."

Lu Baorong from Fudan University in Shanghai is now challenging that view. The study demonstrates that glyphosate resistance , even when not applied to a weedy variety of the rice crop can provide a significant health benefit.

Lu and his colleagues have genetically altered the cultivated rice species to express its EPSP synthase. They then crossed it with a weedy parent.

The researchers allowed offspring of cross-breeding to mix with one another, resulting in second-generation hybrids that are genetically identical with each other except for the number of copies the gene encodes EPSP synase. As expected, the hybrids that had more copies of the gene had a higher chance to produce more tryptophan as well as have higher enzyme levels than the unmodified hybrids.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids produced between 48-125percent more seeds per plant, had more photosynthesis, and had more shoots than those that were not transgenic.

Lu believes that making rice that is weedy less competitive might make it more difficult for farmers who have their land affected by the pest.

ラウンドアップ -Lloyd, Brian Ford-Lloyd is a UK plant geneticist and states, "If the EPSP synthase gene becomes present in wild rice species their genetic diversity will be endangered, which is significant because the genotype with transgene outcompetes the normal species." "This is among the clearest examples of highly plausible negative effects of GM crops on the environment."

ラウンドアップ that genetically modified crops with additional copies their genes are safer is disproved by this research. "Our study suggests that this isn't necessarily the case," Lu says. Lu.

Researchers say these findings should prompt a reconsideration of how genetically modified crops will be regulated in the future. Ellstrand believes that biosafety laws could be relaxed as we have a great level of comfort from two decades worth of genetic engineering. "But the study shows that novel products still need cautious examination."


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