Notes

What is the process of drilling a water well?
A drilled well includes a hole bored into the floor, with the upper part or the entire depth of the well being lined with casing. water well drilling San Antonio is most typically conducted with a portable drilling machine taken to your website to make the borehole. Various methods are accustomed to advance the borehole to the necessary depth, and to eliminate formation material loosened and suspended by the drilling bit and fluid circulation or bailing system.

The casing prevents the collapse of the borehole walls and (with other well components like a drive shoe or grout seal) prevents surface or subsurface contaminants from entering the water supply. The casing also provides a housing for a pumping mechanism and for the pipe that moves water from the pump to the surface.

The product quality of materials utilized in well construction is an important factor. Casing must meet certain standards and specifications, since substandard pipe does not have sufficient strength to withstand driving and formation collapse pressure without potential injury to the joints. Such damage may allow shallow or surface water to enter the well. Casing may be one of various classes of steel or thermoplastic, typically PVC.

Some casing is driven into the ground (cable tool drilling or casing advancement with rotary methods). This casing (always steel) must also have a drive shoe mounted on the underside to avoid damage during driving and to make a good seal with the formation. PVC casing is joined and lowered right into a borehole larger than the casing. In many applications, a grout seal of cement or bentonite may also be recommended to stop contamination.

Below the casing, the reduced portion of the borehole may be the intake by which water enters the well. The intake may be an open hole in solid bedrock or it might be screened and gravel-packed, based upon the geologic conditions.

Once the well is completed, it is bailed or pumped to produce the well and determine the yield. Most areas need further work (known as “development”) after drilling to get rid of fine material remaining from the drilling process so that water can more readily enter the well. Possible development methods include compressed air (blowing), bailing, jetting, surging, or pumping. The quantity of water (yield test) is generally measured during development, ahead of a pumping test. The minimum test time is one hour.

After proper disinfection, the well is capped to provide sanitary protection until it is hooked into the customer's system. Well caps require an air vent. The goal of the vent is to equalize the air pressure between the inside of the casing and the atmosphere, and to produce unpleasant or explosive lighter-than-air gases. If such gases can be found and the well is enclosed in a building or confined space, the air vent should continually be extended to the outside atmosphere. The vent pipe must certanly be shielded and screened to avoid the entry of foreign material such as for example insects in to the well.

If drilling produces low quality water, the water can be sealed off. One method is to put in additional casing or liner inside the initial casing and grout it into place. If the water quality remains unsatisfactory, or if construction defects can't be remedied, the well must certanly be abandoned and completely sealed to stop cross-contamination between sites.
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