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What is the process of drilling a water well?
A drilled well is made up of hole bored into the bottom, with the top of part or the whole depth of the wellbeing lined with casing. water well drilling company Catarina is most typically conducted with a lightweight drilling machine brought to the website to create the borehole. Various methods are used to advance the borehole to the mandatory depth, and to remove formation material loosened and suspended by the drilling bit and fluid circulation or bailing system.

The casing prevents the collapse of the borehole walls and (with other well components like a drive shoe or grout seal) prevents surface or subsurface contaminants from entering the water supply. The casing also supplies a housing for a pumping mechanism and for the pipe that moves water from the pump to the surface.

The quality of materials used in well construction is an important factor. Casing must meet certain standards and specifications, since substandard pipe does not need sufficient strength to withstand driving and formation collapse pressure without potential injury to the joints. Such damage may allow shallow or surface water to enter the well. Casing might be among various classes of steel or thermoplastic, typically PVC.

Some casing is driven into the bottom (cable tool drilling or casing advancement with rotary methods). This casing (always steel) must have a drive shoe mounted on the underside to prevent damage during driving and to make a good seal with the formation. PVC casing is joined and lowered into a borehole larger compared to casing. In most applications, a grout seal of cement or bentonite may also be recommended to avoid contamination.

Below the casing, the reduced percentage of the borehole may be the intake whereby water enters the well. The intake may be an open hole in solid bedrock or it may be screened and gravel-packed, dependant on the geologic conditions.

After the well is completed, it is bailed or pumped to develop the well and determine the yield. Most areas need further work (known as “development”) after drilling to remove fine material remaining from the drilling process so that water can more readily enter the well. Possible development methods include compressed air (blowing), bailing, jetting, surging, or pumping. The amount of water (yield test) is generally measured during development, just before a pumping test. The minimum test time is one hour.

After proper disinfection, the well is capped to offer sanitary protection until it's hooked in to the customer's system. Well caps require an air vent. The goal of the vent would be to equalize the air pressure between the inside of the casing and the atmosphere, and release a unpleasant or explosive lighter-than-air gases. If such gases can be found and the well is enclosed in a building or confined space, the air vent should often be extended to the surface atmosphere. The vent pipe should be shielded and screened to avoid the entry of foreign material such as for example insects in to the well.

If drilling produces poor quality water, the water may be sealed off. One method is to install additional casing or liner inside the initial casing and grout it into place. If the water quality remains unsatisfactory, or if construction defects can't be remedied, the well should be abandoned and completely sealed to avoid cross-contamination between sites.
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