Notes

Which of the following is characterized by a neuron releasing a neurotransmitter into the synapse, followed by another neuron in the immediate vicinity responding?
Which of the following is the greatest advantage of having multiple steps in a transduction pathway?
What is the correct chromosomal condition for one daughter nucleus at telophase of mitosis?
Which of the following diagrams best represents hormone-activated gene expression?
What is produced if a cell divides by mitosis but does not undergo cytokinesis?
Density-dependent inhibition is explained by which of the following?
At which phase are chromosomes first visible and centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?
Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely
As represented in the model above, B cells are activated by direct contact with antigens or stimulated helper T cells (TH). Based on the model, which of the following best describes an outcome of B cell activation?
The drug Latrunculin blocks the function of actin. Which of the following aspects of the animal cell cycle would be most disrupted by Latrunculin?
Based on the model of eukaryotic cell cycle regulation shown in the figure, which of the following best describes the effect of a drug that blocks the production of the mitotic cyclin?
Damaged tissue releases chemicals that activate platelets and stimulate the formation of blood clots. Which of the following predictions about the activity of platelets best describes a positive feedback mechanism?
Why do neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently?
Which of the following best explains how small molecules move between adjacent cells in a plant shoot?
Cancer can result from a variety of different mutational events. Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in the initiation of a cancerous tumor?
The p53 protein regulates a cellular response to DNA damage. Based on the diagram above, which of the following best describes the role of p53 in the response to DNA damage?
Which of the following is a valid interpretation of the experimental results that explains how individuals
with type 2 diabetes differ from individuals without diabetes?
Based on the results, which of the following describes the most likely defect in muscle cells of patients with type 2 diabetes?
Based on the information, which of the following genetic changes in an individual without diabetes is most likely to result in a disrupted cellular response to insulin signaling similar to that of an individual with type 2 diabetes?
Identify and describe the THREE major stages of interphase in the sequence in which they occur.
Describe the most likely role of EGF and EGFR in a cell signaling pathway. Describe how the cellular response to EGF results in tissue repair.
In cases of skin cancer that are associated with overproduction of EGFR, treatment with antibodies against the extracellular portion of EGFR has been successful. Propose a model to explain how the antibody therapy most likely interferes with the cell signaling pathway.
Using the model of the p53/MDM2 pathway, connect the reduction of MDM2 function in mutant mice to the observed concentration of red blood cells.
Predict how a loss-of-function mutation in the p53 gene is most likely to affect the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. Justify your prediction.