Notes

History Test Study Guide

Tristen
Brownsville Affair- a racial incident that arose out of tensions between black soldiers and white citizens. A bartender was killed and a policeman was wounded
Cotton Gin- a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for more productivity than manual cotton separation.
Benign Institution- An institution with generally beneficial effects.
Manumission laws- rules passed by states governing the freeing of slaves by their masters.
3 caste system-
Free African Society- A famous mutual aid society established in 1787 by RIchard Allen and Absalom Jones
Prince Hall Masons- members of the masonic lodge founded by Prince Hall
Charles Deslondes- one of the slave leaders of the 1811 German Coast Uprising, a slave revolt that began on January 8, 1811, in the Territory of Orleans.
Freetown, Sierra Leone, Liberia-
Fugitive Slave Act- Extended southern slaveholders power to enslave African Americans into the northern colonies. Strengthened law for the recovery of runaway slaves
Black professionals- Blacks who were specialized in some subject??
Mutual Aid societies- societies that provided for their members’ medical and burial expenses and helped support widows and children



McKinley “Kinnels G $ Money Mizzle” Gannon

Missouri Compromise - 1820 Compromise that permitted Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state.

Liberty Party - Group formed after the fall of the American Anti-Slavery Society

Harriet Tubman - A runaway slave, who worked as an abolitionist and was the most famous conductor of the underground railroad.

Integrationist - Supporters of integrating blacks into society.

Wilmot Proviso - An 1846 measure to prohibit slavery in all land captured from the mexican american war. This was never passed

Bleeding Kansas - The violence and unrest following the Kansas Nebraska Act which allowed for popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska
Harper’s Ferry - John Brown led the raid on harpers with his sons and white and black abolitionist. John Brown raided an arsenal and held up with his men, he and his followers were captured and hurng John Brown was used a martyr

Free - Soil Party - Party formed to stop the expansion of slavery. It was made up of mostly whites, their candidate for president was Martin Van Buren.

Harriot Beecher Stowe- Author of Uncle Toms Cabin

Uncle Toms Cabin - Written in 1852… Depicted the cruelty of slavery through Uncle Tom who was a slave who lived a relitvy good life for a slave, but was sold down the mississipi to Simon Legre. He was whipped and beaten by Simon Legre.

Dredd Scott Decision - This decision made its way all the way to the supreme court, and upheld the law that slaves were property, and therefore could not become citizens.

Confederate States of America -- Alliance of the seven states that seceded all under Jefferson Davis

1st South Carolina Volunteers - LOL

Robert Gould Shaw - Was a union military officer who led the all black 54th massachusetts regiment

Fort Pillow Massacre - The slaughter of federal black troops in Tennessee by the commander Nathan Bedford Forrest and his troops. Most of the men were trying to surrender.

Special Field Order #15 - provided for the confiscation of 400,000 acres (1,600 km2) of land along the Atlantic coast and the dividing of it into 40 acres (0.16 km2) parcels, on which were to be settled approximately 18,000 freed slave families and other Blacks then living in the area.

Port Royal Experiment - was a program begun during the American Civil War in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by plantation owners. In 1861

Johnson's Reconstruction - was more severe than Lincoln's; it disenfranchised all former military and civil officers of the Confederacy and all those who owned property worth $20,000 or more and made their estates liable to confiscation. The obvious intent was to shift political control in the South from the old planter aristocracy to the small farmers and artisans, and it promised to accomplish a revolution in Southern society.

Social Darwinism - Social Darwinists generally argue that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease. Wich was a misapplication from Darwin's original theory.

Buffalo Soldiers - Term used by the indians for black soldiers.

Brad
*= found online, not in book
Compromise of 1850- compromise introduced by Henry Clay that would allow California to enter the Union as a Free State at the same time as it strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law
Underground Railroad- Organizations and individuals that aided escaped slaves in their journeys to the North
Canada West- Location in Canada (today known as Ontario), which was the destination for many runaway slaves on the Underground Railroad
*Prince Hall and Black Nationalism- Founder of Prince Hall Masonry, tried to gain New England’s enslaved and free blacks a place in the masonry
Kansas Nebraska Act- 1854 Act granting residents of Kansas the right to vote on whether or not slavery should be allowed in the territory
*John Brown- White abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the US. Led John Brown’s raid
Free Labor- Free men and women working for their own gain
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850- Strengthened law for the recovery of runaway slaves
*Know-Nothing Party- Members of a nativist party also known as the American Party
Popular Sovereignty- The principle that each state should decide major issues, such as slavery, on its own
*Abraham Lincoln- 16th President, led the US through Civil War, wanted to abolish slavery for good
Compensated Emancipation- Freedom from slavery accompanied by monetary compensation to former slave owners
*54th Massachusetts Regiment- Infantry/regiment that saw extensive service in the Union Army during the American Civil War, One of the 1st official African American units in the US during the Civil War
General Order #11- Order threatening retaliation for the mistreatment of black soldiers by confederate forces
Confederate Conscription Law- 1862 confederate law defining who was required to provide military service
Black Codes- Laws passed by southern legislatures that imposed severe restrictions on freed man
Freeman’s Bureau- Temporary Agency set up to assist freedman to make the transition to freedom
*13th Amendment- Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude unless it is punishment for a crime
White Man’s Burden- The presumed responsibility of “superior” races for “inferior” ones
*Abe Lincoln (Preserving the Union- Letter to Horace Greely saying he would save the union, but slavery was a large burden to overcome

Pablo Escobar
Great Awakening and Emancipation - 18th century religious revival that grew out of growing dissatisfaction among white Americans with a deterministic and formalistic style of protestantism.
The freeing of enslaved African Americans
Internal Slave Trade- Interstate trade in slaves, particularly between the old tobacco- growing regions and the new cotton-growing regions.
Domestic Slave Trade- the interstate market for slaves
Immune Regiments- Name given to black units by the war department due to the supposed immunity of black to the heat and humidity of cuba.
Northwest ordinance of 1787- Ordinance that provided for the formation of new states in the Old northwest and the banning of slavery in that region.
Creoles- slaves born in the Americans.
Prince Hall-Members of the Masonic lodge founded by Prince Hall.
Toussaint Louverture- Leader of the Haitian independence movement.
James Forten- An African American abolitionist and wealthy business man in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Shay’s Rebellion- Armed uprising of the farmers of western Massachusetts that began in 1786 and ended in 1875.
Gabriel’s Conspiracy- 1800 abortive effort to launch a slave revolt.
Jim Crow- Term associated with segregated public spaces and amenities.
American Anti-Slavery Society- Organization formed by William Lloyd Garrison in 1833 to work for immediate emancipation and equal rights for African Americans.
Quok Walker-was an American slave who sued for and won his freedom in June 1781 in a case citing language in the new Massachusetts Constitution (1780) that declared all men to be born free and equal. The case is credited with helping abolish slavery in Massachusetts, although the 1780 constitution was never amended to explicitly prohibit the practice. Massachusetts was the first state of the union to effectively and fully abolish slavery. By the 1790 federal census, no slaves were recorded in the state.
Absalom Jones- was an African-American abolitionist and clergyman. After founding a black congregation in 1794, he was the first African American ordained as a priest in the Episcopal Church of the United States, in 1804.
Three-fifths Compromise-The Three-Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. The debate was over if, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state's total population for constitutional purposes.
Black Freemasons-
Richard Allen- was a minister, educator, writer, and one of America's most active and influential black leaders. In 1794 he founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the United States. He opened his first AME church in 1794 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
House vs. Skilled Slaves-
Nat Turner Rebellion- Nat Turner's Rebellion (also known as the Southampton Insurrection) was a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, during August 1831.[1] Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55 to 65 people, the highest number of fatalities caused by any slave uprising in the American South.
William Lloyd Garrison-as a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, which he founded in 1831 and published in Massachusetts until slavery was abolished by Constitutional amendment after the American Civil War. He was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. In the 1870s, Garrison became a prominent voice for the woman suffrage movement.