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* Penjelasan dalam Penelitian Sosial
a. Ideographic
>> Ideo-unik, terpisah, berbeda
>> Pendekatan yang memberikan penjelasan tentang fenomena sosial dengan cara menggali penyebab2 peristiwa yang sifatnya khas dan spesifik. (logika induktif)
b. Nomothetic
>> Pendekatan yang memberikan penjelasan tentang fenomena sosial melalui sebab-sebab yang bersifat umum. (logika deduktif)
* Model Logika dalam Penelitian Sosial
a. Induktif
Model logika yang membangun prinsip-prinsip umum berdasarkan pengamatan-pengamatan yang spesifik (khusus > umum untuk membangun teori)
b. Deduktif
Model logika yang membangun hipotesis berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip yang bersifat umum (umum > khusus untuk menguji teori)
c. Abduktif
Model logika penalaran yang mensitesakan logika deduktif + induktif = asumsi penjelasannya lebih kompleks, ada yang umum ada juga yang spesifik.
* Metode penelitian sosial
a. Kuantitatif
>> data bisa bersifat angka, kata-kata, gambar
>> Berupa survei, menggunakan model logika deduktif-nomothetic
b. Kualitatif
>> data bisa bersifat angka, kata-kata, gambar
>> menggunakan model logika induktif-ideographic
c. Campuran
>> pakai logika abduktif
>> Penelitian campuran menggunakan prinsip induktif dan deduktif, nanti ada yang dominan diantara dua itu.
* Selama penelitian yang penting pokoknya harus konsisten memakai model logikanya & metode penelitian sosialnya
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