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what makes cancer cells different from normal cells?

cell cycle, rate of death (apoptosis)
cancer cell exhibit defects in DNA repair that diminish their ability to creect DNA mutations.



tumor progression- selection for cells that do not elicit immune system response
cancer cells also can actively confront the immune system, by producing molecules that kill or disrupt the function of T lymphocytes, produce dense layer of supporting tissue to protect, or grow so fast immune system is overwhelmed

xeroderma pigmentosum cannot repair DNA damage caused by UV, mutation in NER genes
HNPCC mutation in gene that codes for mismatch repair, accumulation of those mutations
BRCA1/2 produce proteins that help repair double stranded breaks through homologous recombination
Phil/Burk 9/22 (90% of chronic myologenous leukemia), 8/14 breakage of DNA ends of chromosome and exchange of DNA
Rag2 gene expressed only in lymphocytes, loss = no lympocytes/no immune system
E-cadherin cell to cell adhesion protein, defects in it result in lack of adhesion in cancer cells
alpha-fetoprotein produced by embryonic liver cells, ppl w/ liver cancer have high amount of it in
blood, + carninoembryonic antigen (emryonic digestive tract
     
 
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