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SUMMARY OF UNIT TEST PART 2
IV. Digestive System
1. Digestion is where large insoluble food particles are broken down into smaller water soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed by blood and give energy to different parts of our body
2. Chewing - food particles are broken down into smaller pieces which makes it easier to swallow (importance of swallowing will be mentioned later on). The saliva, which has a lot of enzymes, mix with the food particles and break them down into even smaller pieces. The tongue pushes the food down the throat, which is the process of swallowing. Then the food particles move down the esophagus/food pipe and into the stomach.
3. The Stomach - this is where the food particles end up after being swallowed. They hang out in here for approximately 4 hours. The stomach releases a lot of acids and enzymes which further break down the food particles so that these particles can be absorbed by our body. An enzyme called pepsin, present in the stomach, helps break down the proteins. And a lot of bacteria are killed by the stomach, to prevent sickness.
4. The Small Intestine - As soon as the particles reach here, a lot of juices from the liver and pancreas help break down the particles. The liver secretes bile, which helps break down fats. And the pancreas releases other enzymes which help digest all kinds of food particles. Then when the food particles are broken down enough, the small intestine absorbs them and transfers them to our body through blood.
5. The Large Intestine - food particles that were not absorbed by the small intestine reaches the large intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and other particles and sends the waste material out of the body.
6. Trivia: Our large intestine produces antibodies that help us boost our immunity, and when your face blushes, the lining of your stomach does too.
7. Macronutrients - Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats (Lipids)
8. Micronutrients - Vitamins, Minerals, Water
9. The Four Digestive Processes - Ingestion (taking in food), Digestion (breaking down food into nutrients), Absorption (taking in nutrients by cells), Egestion (removing any leftover wastes).
     
 
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