Notes

S - speaker: who said or wrote it? what credentials do they have? (AP gives appropriate biographical information, READ IT)
P - purpose: why did they say or write this? What is their overall goal? What is the desired effect? (it is possible to have multiple purposes)
A - audience: to whom is the speaker/writer speaking/writing? What is their relationship with the speaker? (speakers tinker their argument with respect to their audience) Don't be too general (society, etc) --> THE AUDIENCE IS MOST IMPORTANT
C - context: what is going on during this time period (more broad, think about the time period and other relating factors)
E - exigence: the catalyst; what has prompted & compelled the speaker to speak (how the speaker is tailoring the speech around the event)

C - choices: juxtaposition, anecdote, imagery, diction, pronoun use, repetition (TIE ALL THESE THINGS TOGETHER = SOPHISTICATION)
A - appeals: logic/reason (why does the speaker need to use logic?), emotion (what kind of emotion is the author using?), credibility, ethics, authority --> the author uses a nostalgic appeal to appeal to the older generation in his audience
T - tone: often dictated by the other choices the author uses, "riveting yet striking speech" (MORE SOPHISTICATION = DON'T DIRECTLY STATE THE WORD TONE)