Notes

Encoding in STM
Visual info:
Encoded both phonologically and as an image (dual coding)
-makes visual info easier to remember
Maintaining STM
Rote rehearsal:
-repeating info over and over
-useful in holding info in short-term memory
-also referred to as maintenance rehearsal
*one way to create a memory you wont forget is by making the memory weird/sexual disturbing

Long Term Memory
Portion of memory more or less permanent corresponding to everything we know
Capacity:
can store large amounts of info for years
Encoding:
-more info stored in terms of meanings
-some is stored as shape, smell, emotion, taste, movement, etc.
Serial Position Effect
If you're learning a bunch of things in series it is much easier to remember the first and last thing while the middle ones are harder to remember
Primacy effect grecency effect

Maintaining LTM
Rote rehearsal: repeating info over and over
Elaborative rehearsal(HOUSE, BODY): Linking new info to familiar material in long-term memory
-mnemonics: making words or sentences out of the material to be recalled
-emotional/scary/triggering
Schemata
-beliefs of expectations based on past experiences
-used to filter new info
-scripts (ordering coffee, asking someone out, etc.)
-stereotypes

Types of LTM
-Episodic: long term memories of personal experiences that happened to us
ex) 21st bday
-Semantic: long term memories of general facts and info
ex) capitol of Hawaii
-Procedural: LT memory that stores info relating to skills, habits, and other perceptual-motor tasks. Learned through repetition and practice
ex) dancing, eating, touching your nose
-Emotional: Learned emotional responses to stimuli
*emotions are memories!
-anxiety, -shame, -anger, -joy, -irritation, -pride
Traumatic Memories
Dissociation: Detachment from reality/experience (memory)
Unable to recall emotional memory
Explicit and Implicit Memory
Explicit memory: Memory for info that we can readily express in words and are aware of having memories can be intentionally retrieved
-episodic
-semantic
Implicit memory: Memory for info that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having; memories cannot be intentionally retrieved.
-Procedural
-Emotional
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD: Strong emotions are remembered specific event is not. Emotions and episodic memory stored separately

Mindfulness (Attention PFC) and Memory
Attention/focus/perception
-leads to memory formation