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Age Definition for Infants and Children
-Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that involves medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.
-Pediatric BLS should be used on infants and children. An infant is defined as someone less than 1 year of age. A child is defined as someone between the age of 1 and the onset of puberty. Puberty is indicated by breast development in girls and underarm hair development in boys. These developments typically occur between 12 and 14 years of age.
-Pediatric BLS should NOT be used on adolescents. An adolescent is someone between the onset of puberty and adulthood. People are considered legal adults when they reach a specifically defined age, such as 18 or 19 years old.
Causes of Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest due to heart disease is uncommon in infants and children. However, cardiac arrest is often a secondary effect of shock or respiratory failure, from causes such as:
-Asthma
-Choking
-Drowning
Pediatric Chain of Survival
The American Heart Association (AHA) created a Pediatric Chain of Survival to illustrate important steps to take during cardiac arrest in infants and children. Because cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually a result of non-disease related causes such as respiratory illnesses, a Prevention link was added to the Chain of Survival. Like the Adult Chain of Survival, the steps should be implemented as quickly as possible. The links in the chain are:
1. Prevention by practicing safety precautions to avoid situations that may lead to cardiac arrest
2. Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
3. Activation of the Emergency Response System
4. Advanced life support including rapid stabilization and transport to a care facility
5. Post-cardiac arrest care
Pediatric Basic Life Support
The second two links in the Pediatric Chain of Survival are the foundation of Pediatric BLS. These links are:
-Early CPR
-Activation of the Emergency Response System
Healthcare providers must learn the techniques of Pediatric BLS so that they can act quickly and correctly in emergencies involving infants and children.
Foundational Skills
Just like with adult BLS, rescuers need to have a strong foundation in the following areas:
- Critical thinking
- Problem solving
- Communication
- Teamwork
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