Notes

1. Scholars learned about prehistoric humans by uncovering artifacts, and studying it and its location to determine what might have happened in the past. There are archaeologists, who dig up artifacts from an archaeological site and learn more about human history and prehistory, and there are also anthropologists who use artifacts to learn more about human behavior, culture, and their society.
2. In a hunter-gatherer society, a group of tribesmen roamed around an area of land, hunting any animals and gathering any plants that they find. Once an area of land had no more food, they moved to a new piece of land and continued hunting and gathering as they went. This often led to an unstable food source, and as the people had to spend most of their time hunting and gathering, they did not have much time for technological advancements. In this type of society, men often did the hunting, and women did the gathering and taking care of the kids. As a result, the men and women had equal status in this type of society.
3. As a result of the development of agriculture, people became farmers because they learned to plant crops and harvest them, and they did not need to move around. Eventually, people learned to irrigate, which led to farmers producing surpluses, so that allowed people to have a division of labor. Some jobs back then were merchants, artisans, farmers, priests, and government officials. This also led to social statuses, since some people earned more money and had a higher ranking than others.
4. Cities differed from farming villages because cities had more people. While in a farming village one man could be the parent of most or all of the people in the village, cities often had hundreds of people, unlike the villages. Also, cities had more developed religion, government, social status, and division of labor.
5. Cultural diffusion is when different regions or civilizations exchanged knowledge, items and resources, religion, and culture. This allowed early societies to help each other advance, as when one society had a technological advancement, it would eventually spread to a different society. Also, this helps societies advance because some societies lack a resource, such as spices, timber, cotton, wheat, or clothes, so a society that has that can trade with a society that lacks that item, so that helps people advance with more resources to use.
6. People were able to migrate from Asia to the Americas through the Bering Strait, which was exposed in the Ice Age, when the sea level dropped down and the water formed into glaciers. People needed to have sufficient food and clothes to make this migration, because the Bering Strait is quite far north, and it is very cold. Then, people were able to spread into North America, and eventually South America. When the ice age ended, causing the glaciers to melt and the sea level to rise, the Bering Strait was submerged under water, which disconnected Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. The people on these two different landmasses developed at different speeds. The Afro-Eurasians developed at a faster speed than the people in the Americas, but mostly along the same path because the Afro-Eurasians had access to more resources, and thus was able to develop faster. This is also a sign of cultural diffusion.