Notes

study guide
1. Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich J Matthaei, 1961, genetic code,
2. A polypeptide made up of 10 glycine amino acids

2. In a bacterial cell, part of the RNA polymerase recognizes the genes promoter and binds to it. In a eukaryotic cell, transcription factors must bind to the promoter first, then the RNA polymerase binds to them. In both cases sequences in the promoter determine the precise binding of RNA polymerase so the enzyme is in the right location and orientation.
1. Eukaryotic cells modify mRNA after transcription AND Splicing of mRNA increases the number of different proteins an organism can produce
an RNA molecule capable of acting as an enzyme.
2. tRNA Structure and Function Transfer RNAs are coded by a number of genes, and are usually short molecules, between 70-90 nucleotides (5 nm) in length. The two most important parts of a tRNA are its anticodon and the terminal 3’ hydroxyl group, which can form an ester linkage with an amino acid.
Peptidyl transferase. Jump to navigation Jump to search. The peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.12) as well as the primary enzymatic function of the ribosome, which forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during the translation process of protein biosynthesis
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression.