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DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself.
Nucleotide monomers are arranged in a sequence unique to each individual to create the DNA polymers in their body. The structure of a nucleotide monomer consists of three main components: A sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate chemical group, and a nitrogen base. The nitrogen bases may vary: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. While two contain a hexagonal ring, the other two consist of two rings--one 5 sided and the other 6 sided. The sugar molecule is in the middle and the phosphate group and nitrogen base are on either side of the sugar. In a polymer, the phosphate of one nucleotide is bonded to the sugar of the next nucleotide creating a sugar-phosphate backbone. One DNA molecule consists of two polynucleotide strands which are connected to one another through base pairings (A & T, and C & G) held together by hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the shape of the DNA molecule resembles that of a double helix.
------Genome is the sum of all the DNA in one of your cells. This human genome is divided into 46 chromosomes which are found within the nucleus of each body cell. Each of which are a long piece of DNA with several thousand genes that are necessary in the production of proteins.
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