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2) Place the ten pennies, minted in 1981 or earlier, and measure their total mass; determine the average mass of one penny, mavg. Repeat for the ten pennies minted in 1983 or later.
3) Now we find the volume of one penny in cm3: Glue the top of one penny, made before 1982, to a string and allow to dry well. Measure the mass with water for a 6 oz to 8 oz small plastic container; leaving container on scale, hold penny attached to string above water and gradually insert penny into water; make sure penny does not teach bottom of cup. The reading on the scale will increase. This increase equals the volume, v , of the penny.
Repeat for penny made after 1982 and using the formula for density, ρ ,
ρ = density = m / v
Find the average density for each case. From the known values of the density for copper 8.90 g/cm3 , iron 7.88 g/cm3 , zinc 7.10 g/cm3 , and aluminum 2.70 g/cm3; and assuming the penny is made of a single type of metal, determine which one is the most likely metal a penny is made of, for a) pennies minted in 1981 or earlier, b) pennies minted 1983 or later. Check your results by looking at the Web Page of the US Mint,(http://www.usmint.gov ).
Before: 110.56
After: 110.38
Water: 109.87
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